Table of Contents
Introduction xi
1 Introduction to Electronic Design 1
Defining Design 1
Design Perspective 1
Get a Design Notebook 2
Get a Calculator 2
A Standard Design Approach 3
Design Doctrine Dozen 9
Types of Design 10
Prerequisites for Design 11
A Design Example 11
An Alternative Beginning 14
2 Design Resources 15
Books 15
Sources of Catalogs, Components, and Equipment 15
Magazines 16
Data Sheets 16
Applications Notes 17
Useful Web Sites 17
Educational Sources 18
Back to Basics 18
Searches 18
3 Simulation and Prototyping 19
Circuit Simulation 19
Recommendation 21
Breadboarding 21
Dead Bug Method 25
Working with Surface-Mount Components 25
Components 25
One Good Prototyping Practice 26
A Workbench 26
Summarizing 26
A Word About Tools 26
Your Projects 27
4 Testing and Measuring 29
Multimeters 29
How to Use a Multimeter 29
Power Supply 30
Oscilloscopes 32
Function Generators 33
Virtual Instruments 33
Circuits for Testing 34
Power Supply 35
Signal Sources 35
Making L and C Measurements 36
5 Common Circuit Design Techniques 39
Drawing Circuits 39
Series-Dropping Resistor 39
Voltage Dividers 41
Special Sensor Resistors 43
Potentiometers 44
Error and Accuracy 45
Variable Voltage Dividers 45
Transistor Switches 45
Design Example 5.1 48
Design Example 5.2 49
Design Project 5.1 49
Design Project 5.2 50
Design Project 5.3 50
Design Project 5.4 50
Design Project 5.5 50
6 Power Supply Design 51
Power Supply Choices and Specifications 51
The Make vs. Buy Decision 52
Common Voltages 52
Designing a Battery Supply 52
Ampere-Hour Ratings 53
Battery Supply Design Procedure 54
Battery Supply Enhancements 55
Specifying a Linear Supply 56
Linear Supply Design Procedure 58
Linear Supply Design Example 60
Switch-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) 64
Pulse-Width Modulation 66
Design Project 6.1 68
Design Project 6.2 68
Design Project 6.3 68
Design Project 6.4 68
7 Amplifier Design 69
Amplifier Types 69
Specifying Amplifiers 69
Understanding the Specifications 70
A Microphone Amplifier 73
Designing with Op Amps 73
Primary Op Amp Application Circuits 76
Differential Amplifier 80
Error Source Compensation 81
Comparators 82
Power Amplifiers 83
Design Projects 85
Design Project 7.1 85
Design Project 7.2 86
Design Project 7.3 86
Design Project 7.4 86
8 Signal Source Design 87
Signal Source Specifications 87
Sine Wave Oscillators 87
Clock Oscillators 92
Multivibrators 93
Frequency Synthesizers 97
Design Project 8.1 100
Design Project 8.2 100
Design Project 8.3 100
Design Project 8.4 101
Design Project 8.5 101
Design Project 8.6 101
9 Filter Design 103
Types of Filters 103
Filter Specifications 105
Filter Design Guidelines 106
Filter Response Options 106
RC Filter Design 107
Bandpass LC Filters 109
Band Reject Filters 110
RC Active Filters 112
Low-Pass Filter 113
LC Filter Design 113
Switched Capacitive Filters 114
DSP Filters 115
Design Project 9.1 115
Design Project 9.2 116
Design Project 9.3 116
Design Project 9.4 116
10 Electromechanical Design 117
Switches 117
Relays 118
Solenoids 121
Motors 122
Motor Control 122
Servo Motors 124
Design Project 10.1 125
Design Project 10.2 125
Design Project 10.3 126
11 Digital Design 127
Three Design Approaches 127
Preliminary Design Decisions 129
Combinational Logic Circuits 129
DeMorgan's Theorem 131
Functional ICs 132
Practical Digital Design Procedures 133
Design Example 134
Designing with a Programmable ROM 135
TTL vs. CMOS 136
Sequential Logic Circuits 137
Flip Flops 137
Counters and Registers 138
State Machine Design 140
Design Example 141
Data Conversion 143
Data Conversion ICs 144
Design Project 11.1 145
Design Project 11.2 145
Design Project 11.3 146
Design Project 11.4 147
Design Project 11.5 147
Design Project 11.6 147
Design Project 11.7 147
Design Project 11.8 147
Design Project 11.9 148
12 Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) 149
Programmable Logic Types 149
Programming PLDs 149
Complex Programmable Logic Devices 151
FPGA Dominance 151
Application Decisions 152
An Introduction to VHDL and Verilog 153
Development Boards 153
Coding the Digital Circuit with an HDL 154
FPGA Learning Resources 155
Development Board Sources 156
Summary 156
13 Designing with Microcontrollers 157
Embedded Controller Design Process 157
Choosing an MCU and the Software 159
More About Selecting an MCU or Processor 161
Software and Programming 164
Programming Language Examples 165
Some Takeaways 167
Learning to Love BASIC 167
The Case for Assembly Language 168
Microdesign Considerations 170
Microinterfacing 171
A Plan for Learning Micros 174
Committing to a Microfuture 174
Design Project 13.1 175
Design Project 13.2 175
Design Project 13.3 175
14 Component Selection 177
Resistors 177
E-24 Resistor Values-5 percent 178
E-96 Resistor Values-1 percent 178
Special Resistors 179
Potentiometers 180
Capacitors 181
Inductors 182
Semiconductor Selection 183
15 Troubleshooting and Debugging 187
Mitigating the Need for Hardware Troubleshooting 187
Test Equipment 188
Prototype Troubleshooting 188
Electrical Problems 189
Troubleshooting Procedures 190
Component Failure Likelihood 190
A Troubleshooting Example 191
Continuity Testing 192
General Troubleshooting Suggestions 193
Software Debugging 194
Troubleshooting Practice 194
A Recommended Reference Books 197
B Solutions to Design Projects 199
C Transistor Amplifier Design 217
D How to Use Karnaugh Maps 223
Index 229
