Table of Contents
Preface iii
Figures and Tables ix
Acknowledgments xi
Abbreviations xiii
Chapter 1 Examining the Air Campaign in Libya Karl P. Mueller 1
Introduction 1
Considering the Libyan Air Campaign in Context 2
Why the Libyan Air Campaign Is Important 6
What This Book Is (and Is Not) About 7
Study Approach and Overview 8
Chapter 2 Strategic and Political Overview of the Intervention Christopher S. Chivvis 11
Introduction 11
Libya and the Arab Uprisings 11
The Debate over Intervention 14
U.N. Security Council Resolution 1973 17
Operation Odyssey Dawn 21
Transition to NATO Command 24
Operation Unified Protector 26
The Relief of Misrata 31
Naval Operations 32
Operations Grind On 32
Increasing the Diplomatic Pressure 34
Emergence of the Western Front 35
The Fall of Tripoli 38
The Impact on NATO 40
Chapter 3 The Libyan Experience Frederic Wehrey 43
Introduction 43
Libyan Airpower and Air Defenses: A Hollow and Marginalized Force 45
Between Awe and Exasperation: Perceptions of NATO Airpower 50
Targeting and Coordination with NATO 61
Conclusion 66
Chapter 4 The U.S. Experience: National Strategy and Campaign Support Robert C. Owen 69
Introduction 69
Intervention 70
Deployment and Operations 77
Allies 100
Conclusions and Lessons 102
Chapter 5 The U.S. Experience: Operational Deborah C. Kidwell 107
Introduction 107
U.S. Military Planning and Considerations 108
Evolving Strategic Guidance 115
The Coalition Coalesces 118
Concept of Operations 119
U.S. Forces Assigned 121
Operation Unified Protector 136
Conclusions 146
Chapter 6 The British Experience: Operation Ellamy Christina Goulter 153
Introduction 153
Intervention and Initial UK Air Operations 154
The Transition to NATO Command 164
Lessons and Conclusions 175
Chapter 7 The French Experience: Sarkozy's War? Camille Grand 183
Introduction 183
Why and How Did France Decide to Act? 184
The French Military Engagement 190
Learning from Libya 199
Libya and the Future of Warfare: A Model for Future Conflicts? 202
Chapter 8 The Italian Experience: Pivotal and Underestimated Gregory Alegi 205
Introduction 205
The Political Scenario 207
ITAF Situation and Doctrine 209
Operational Summary 212
Discussion and Conclusions 231
Chapter 9 The Canadian Experience: Operation Mobile Richard O. Mayne 239
Introduction 239
Beyond Rhetoric, Taking Action 240
Ready to Act, but Awaiting Consensus 244
An Opportunity to Lead 247
Adaptability and Impact 249
Air Refueling and Long-Range Patrol 257
Assessing Operation Mobile 261
RCAF and NATO: Lessons Observed 264
Chapter 10 The Belgian, Danish, Dutch, and Norwegian Experiences Christian F. Anrig 267
Introduction 267
Background 268
The Royal Danish Air Force 271
The Royal Norwegian Air Force 279
The Belgian Air Force 286
The Royal Netherlands Air Force 294
Lessons and Conclusions 300
Chapter 11 The Swedish Experience: Overcoming the Non-NATO-Member Conundrum Robert Egnell 309
Introduction 309
The Swedish Decision to Participate in the Intervention 311
The Swedish Contribution: "Operation Karakal" 315
Challenges to the Swedish Contribution 327
Conclusions and Recommendations 336
Chapter 12 The Arab States' Experiences Bruce R. Nardulli 339
Introduction 339
The Road to Arab State Intervention 340
Qatar, the UAE, and Jordan Join the Coalition 344
Air Combat Operations 348
Arab Diplomatic and Political Pressure Continues 358
Direct Support to Opposition Ground Forces 361
Stepping Up the Training and Air-Ground Integration 365
Observations, Lessons, and Remaining Questions 367
Chapter 13 Victory Through (Not By) Airpower Karl P. Mueller 373
Introduction 373
What Was Achieved? 373
What Have We Learned?Or Been Reminded Of? 382
Airpower Ascendant but Not Abundant 382
Alliances and Partnerships 386
Is Libya a Model for the Future? 389
The Age of Airpower 392
Appendixes
A Timeline of Events in Libya 393
B Air Order of Battle 403
About the Authors 407
Bibliography 411
