Table of Contents
Get More (Free) Content viii
Part I Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score 1
Preview: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations 2
Your Guide to Using This Book 2
How to Begin 3
Part II Practice Test 1 7
Practice Test 1 9
Practice Test 1: Answers and Explanations 33
Part III About the AP Biology Exam 47
The Structure of the AP Biology Exam 48
How the AP Biology Exam Is Scored 48
Overview of Content Topics 49
Breakdown of Free Response Questions 52
How AP Exams Are Used 54
Other Resources 55
Designing Your Study Plan 56
Part IV Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Biology Exam 57
Preview 58
1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 59
2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions 71
3 Using Time Effectively to Maximize Points 77
Part V Content Review for the AP Biology Exam 83
4 Chemistry of Life 85
Elements 86
Subatomic Particles 86
Compounds 87
Water: The Versatile Molecule 87
Acids and Bases 89
Organic Molecules 91
Key Terms 108
Chapter 4 Drill 109
5 Cell Structure and Function 115
Living Things 116
Types of Cells and Organelles 116
Key Terms 128
Chapter 5 Drill 129
6 Cellular Energetics 133
Bioenergetics 134
Enzymes 136
Reaction Coupling and ATP 139
Photosynthesis 141
The Light Reactions 144
Cellular Respiration 147
Key Terms 155
Chapter 6 Drill 156
7 Cell Communication and Cell Cycle 161
Cell Communication 162
Cell Division 164
The Cell Cycle 165
Interphase: The Growing Phase 165
Mitosis: The Dance of the Chromosomes 168
Key Terms 172
Chapter 7 Drill 173
Heredity 177
Haploids Versus Diploids 178
Gregor Mendel: The Father of Genetics 179
Mendelian Genetics 180
Sex-Linked Traits 187
Environmental Effect on Traits 189
An Overview of Meiosis 190
Key Terms 195
Chapter 8 Drill 196
9 Gene Expression and Regulation 201
DNA: The Blueprint of Life 202
The Molecular Structure of DNA 202
Genome Structure 205
DNA Replication 205
RNA 207
Mutations 217
Biotechnology 220
Key Terms 222
Chapter 9 Drill 223
10 Natural Selection 229
Natural Selection 230
Common Ancestry 233
Genetic Variability 234
Causes of Evolution 236
Species 238
Population Genetics 239
Origins of the Earth 241
Key Terms 243
Chapter 10 Drill 244
11 Ecology 249
Interacting with the Environment 250
Behavior 250
How Animals Communicate 253
Plant Behavior 254
Ecology 255
Population Ecology 261
Ecological Succession 263
Human Impact on the Environment 264
Key Terms 266
Chapter 11 Drill 267
12 Quantitative Skills and Biostatistics 273
Summarizing and Presenting Data 274
Types of Data 275
Types of Experiments or Questions 280
Probability 284
Hypothesis Testing 285
Key Terms 290
Chapter 12 Drill 291
13 Sample Free-Response Questions 295
Section II: Free-Response 296
Scoring Guidelines 298
Sample Essays 299
How to Use the Sample Free-Response Questions 300
14 Laboratory 303
Lab 1 Artificial Selection 304
Lab 2 Mathematical Modeling: Hardy-Weinberg 305
Lab 3 Comparing DNA Sequences to Understand Evolutionary Relationships with BLAST 305
Lab 4 Diffusion and Osmosis 306
Lab 5 Photosynthesis 306
Lab 6 Cellular Respiration 307
Lab 7 Mitosis and Meiosis 307
Lab 8 Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation 308
Lab 9 Biotechnology: Restriction Enzyme Analysis of DNA 309
Lab 10 Energy Dynamics 310
Lab 11 Transpiration 310
Lab 12 Fruit Fly Behavior 310
Lab 13 Enzyme Activity 311
15 Chapter Drill Answers and Explanations 313
AP Biology Equations and Formulas 325
Part VI Additional Practice Tests 327
Practice Test 2 329
Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations 347
Practice Test 3 359
Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations 377