Psychology for Nurses and the Caring Professions

by Jan Walker, Sheila Payne, Nikki Jarrett

Overview

This book introduces students and practitioners to psychological knowledge and understanding for clinical contexts, with emphasis on enhancing care.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780335243914
Publisher:	Open University Press
Publication date:	05/01/2012
Edition description:	4th Revised ed.
Pages:	322
Product dimensions:	7.44(w) x 9.69(h) x 0.67(d)

About the Author

Jan Walker is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow, University of Southampton, UK. She is a health psychologist with a background in health visiting and specialist interest in chronic pain.

Sheila Payne has the Help the Hospices Chair in Hospice Studies at Lancaster University, UK. She is a health psychologist with a nursing background and specialises in research in palliative and end-of-life care.

Paula Smith is a Lecturer at Sheffield Hallam University, UK. She is a health psychologist with a nursing background and specialist interest in family care-giving in end-of-life situations.

Nikki Jarrett is a Lecturer at University of Southampton, UK. She is a psychologist with a nursing background and a specialist interest in cancer and palliative care.

Table of Contents

Preface     ix
Acknowledgements     xi
Psychology in the context of health and social care     1
Key questions     1
Introduction     1
What is psychology?     1
Why is psychology important in health and social care?     2
The importance of working together     3
Current schools of thought in psychology     4
Psychological facts versus psychological theory     9
Research methods in psychology     10
Professionals involved in the prevention, management and treatment of psychological problems     15
Psychology in practice: introduction to the scenario     16
Summary of key points     17
The perception of self and others     19
Key questions     19
Introduction     19
The self-concept     19
Self-esteem     23
Body image     23
Social roles     27
Attitudes     29
Stereotyping, prejudice, stigmatization and discrimination     30
Attribution theory     33
Personality and health     35
Summary of key points     39
Development and change across the lifespan     41
Key questions     41
Introduction     41
The development of thinking and understanding     42
Social development     49
Development in adolescence     55
Development in adult life     57
Development in later life     59
Approaching life's end     61
Summary of key points     63
Memory, understanding and information-giving     65
Key questions     65
Introduction     65
Memory     65
Short-term memory     67
Long-term memory     70
Understanding     71
Mental schemas and scripts     71
Recall and false memories     73
Context-specific memories     74
Forgetting     74
Memory loss     75
Communicating effectively with patients     78
Breaking bad news     80
Summary of key points     82
Learning and social learning     84
Key questions     84
Introduction     84
Types of learning     84
Background to the development of learning theory     85
Conditioning theories      86
The importance of fear-reduction in hospital settings     89
Fear, avoidance and phobias     90
Operant conditioning     91
Lifestyle and behaviour     95
Behaviour modification     96
Self-modification     98
Reinforcement or control     100
Learned helplessness, uncontrollability and depression     100
Social learning theory     102
Self-efficacy     103
Locus of control     104
Applying behavioural principles to designing a health education programme     106
Summary of key points     108
Understanding anxiety, depression and loss     109
Key questions     109
Introduction     109
What is an emotion?     109
What do we mean by anxiety and how can it be managed?     111
Comparing different approaches to anxiety and its management     113
What do we mean by depression and how can it be managed?     116
Theories of depression and approaches to management     117
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)     121
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)     122
Dealing with loss     124
Hope     131
Summary of key points     133
Social influence and interaction     134
Key questions     134
Introduction     134
Persuasion     134
Audience influences and effects     140
Obedience     141
Conformity     143
Social desirability     145
Helping others     146
Non-verbal communication     148
Interpersonal skills     149
Group interaction     153
Leadership styles     155
Summary of key points     155
Stress and coping     157
Key questions     157
Introduction     157
Definitions of stress     158
The transactional model of stress and coping     159
Cognitive appraisal     159
Coping     162
Review of the transactional model of stress     163
Stress and stress-related illness (psychoneuroimmunology)     164
Mediators and moderators of stress and stress-related illness     167
Social support     171
Other mediators of appraisal and coping     175
Stress in different contexts     179
The reduction and management of stress      182
Summary of key points     184
Psychology applied to health and illness     185
Key questions     185
Introduction     185
Defining health, illness and disease     186
Promoting health and preventing ill health     187
Social cognition     189
The health belief model (HBM)     189
The theory of planned behaviour (TPB)     191
Stages of change (transtheoretical) model     195
Self-regulatory theory: the importance of having a goal     198
The motivational interview     200
Medical help-seeking     200
Tertiary prevention: managing illness     201
Understanding chronic illness     204
Self-management in chronic illness     207
Summary of key points     211
Psychology of pain     213
Key questions     213
Introduction     213
Perceiving and expressing pain     213
Gate control theory of pain     214
Learning to perceive and express pain     216
Psychological principles of pain assessment     219
The aim of pain management     225
Types of pain     226
Psychological issues in acute pain     227
Psychological issues in terminal illness     229
Psychological issues in chronic or persistent benign pain     231
Evidence-based therapies for acute and chronic pain     235
Case Study: Pam     237
Summary of key points     242
Exercises     244
Glossary     246
References     251
Index     269

Editorial Reviews

A no-nonsense introductory text for health care students. Presents an introduction to general psychology with an emphasis on application in health promotion and preventative care. The authors include topics such as: self-image, learning development, perception, memory, stress, loss, and pain. The chapters are peppered with case examples and exercises for group and individual study. Distributed by Taylor & Francis. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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