Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine
Explaining the deadly stasis of American medicine in the nineteenth century

The 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia was a shock to the system of American medicine—or it should have been. In the decades that followed the most infamous health crisis of the early republic, American doctors by and large failed to move beyond ancient ideas of disease and treatment. The contentiousness of Philadelphia’s medical community, led by Benjamin Rush, prevented any meaningful advances in response to the outbreak.

Marshall Foletta investigates this peculiar dormancy over the course of the long nineteenth century and reveals how little had changed by the time of the 1832 cholera epidemic—leading, he argues, to exhaustion and despair among medical professionals and fatalism among the general public. Only at the end of the century did researchers make the all-important breakthroughs that produced an antidote to yellow fever. This is the story of how received wisdom became dangerously entrenched in the early United States, and the deadly consequences of scientific stagnation and intellectual inertia.
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Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine
Explaining the deadly stasis of American medicine in the nineteenth century

The 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia was a shock to the system of American medicine—or it should have been. In the decades that followed the most infamous health crisis of the early republic, American doctors by and large failed to move beyond ancient ideas of disease and treatment. The contentiousness of Philadelphia’s medical community, led by Benjamin Rush, prevented any meaningful advances in response to the outbreak.

Marshall Foletta investigates this peculiar dormancy over the course of the long nineteenth century and reveals how little had changed by the time of the 1832 cholera epidemic—leading, he argues, to exhaustion and despair among medical professionals and fatalism among the general public. Only at the end of the century did researchers make the all-important breakthroughs that produced an antidote to yellow fever. This is the story of how received wisdom became dangerously entrenched in the early United States, and the deadly consequences of scientific stagnation and intellectual inertia.
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Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine

Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine

by Marshall Foletta
Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine

Purge and Bleed: Philadelphia's Yellow Fever Epidemic and the Stagnation of American Medicine

by Marshall Foletta

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Overview

Explaining the deadly stasis of American medicine in the nineteenth century

The 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia was a shock to the system of American medicine—or it should have been. In the decades that followed the most infamous health crisis of the early republic, American doctors by and large failed to move beyond ancient ideas of disease and treatment. The contentiousness of Philadelphia’s medical community, led by Benjamin Rush, prevented any meaningful advances in response to the outbreak.

Marshall Foletta investigates this peculiar dormancy over the course of the long nineteenth century and reveals how little had changed by the time of the 1832 cholera epidemic—leading, he argues, to exhaustion and despair among medical professionals and fatalism among the general public. Only at the end of the century did researchers make the all-important breakthroughs that produced an antidote to yellow fever. This is the story of how received wisdom became dangerously entrenched in the early United States, and the deadly consequences of scientific stagnation and intellectual inertia.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780813953120
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
Publication date: 07/01/2025
Pages: 282
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Marshall Foletta is an independent scholar. He completed his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley and is the author of Coming to Terms with Democracy: Federalist Intellectuals and the Shaping of an American Culture, 1800–1828 (Virginia).

Table of Contents

Introduction
1. 1793—An Awful Visitation
2. Benjamin Rush Gives an Ancient Theory a New Twist
3. Philadelphia’s Medical Community—Divided at the Top and Threatened from Below
4. The Fractured Response to the 1793 Epidemic
5. America's First Medical Journals and the Battle for Authority
6. Cholera and the Emergence of the Gothic in American Medical Culture
7. Other Voices—Pharmacists, Thomsonians, and Homeopaths
8. Voices Ignored—From Antoni van Leeuwenhoek to Josiah Clark Nott
9. After a Century the Mystery is Solved

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

A lively narrative that will appeal to both an academic and general readership.—Deanne Stephens Nuwer, University of Southern Mississippi, author of Plague Among the Magnolias: The 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Mississippi

Clearly written and well anchored in primary sources. Foletta ably recontextualizes familiar stories and brings new ones to light.—J. R. McNeill, Georgetown University, author of Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620-1914

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