Table of Contents
Preface ix
Part I Planning 1
1 What is classroom discourse analysis? 3
1.1 What is classroom discourse? 4
1.1.1 Classrooms 5
1.1.2 Discourse 9
1.2 What is discourse analysis? 13
1.3 Why do classroom discourse research? 16
1.4 Creating a plan for classroom discourse research 19
2 The logistics of classroom discourse research 20
2.1 Practical considerations 21
2.1.1 Access 21
2.1.2 Time 23
2.1.3 Technology 23
2.1.4 Ethics 24
2.1.5 Empirical issues 26
2.2 Collecting data 26
2.2.1 Recording data 27
2.2.2 Managing data sets 33
2.2.3 Making sense of your data 33
2.3 Transcribing your data 34
2.3.1 Open and dosed transcripts 34
2.3.2 Representation and transformation 36
2.3.3 Transcription practices 39
Part II Analyzing 43
3 Conversation analysis 45
3.1 What can I investigate? 47
3.1.1 Turn-taking 47
3.1.2 Turn shape and placement 52
3.1.3 Repair 55
3.1.4 Interactional competence 57
3.2 What are the methodological considerations? 59
3.3 Key terms, constructs, and people 63
4 Discourse analysis 65
4.1 What can I investigate? 67
4.1.1 Triadic dialogue: IRF/TRE sequence 67
4.1.2 Floor management 71
4.1.3 Teacher questions 75
4.1.4 Discourse markers 79
4.2 What are the methodological considerations? 83
4.3 Key terms, constructs, and people 86
5 Critical discourse analysis 88
5.1 What can I investigate? 89
5.1.1 Power 90
5.1.2 Language ideologies 94
5.1.3 Neoliberalism 97
5.1.4 Racism 101
5.2 What are the methodological considerations? 105
5.3 Key terms, constructs, and people 108
6 Narrative analysis 110
6.1 What can I investigate? 112
6.1.1 Identities 112
6.1.2 Teacher cognition 115
6.1.3 Reflective practices 119
6.1.4 Learner diaries 123
6.2 What are the methodological considerations? 127
6.3 Key terms, constructs, and people 131
Part III Understanding and reporting 133
7 Classroom ethnography 135
7.1 Purpose and principles 137
7.2 The importance of context 138
7.2.1 Doing fieldwork 140
7.2.2 Field notes 142
7.2.3 Thick descriptions 144
7.3 Understanding your context 146
7.3.1 Ethnography of communication 146
7.3.2 Autoethnography 149
7.4 Key terms, constructs, and people 151
8 Reporting and writing 153
8.1 Purpose and principles 154
8.2 Describing your research 157
8.2.1 Identifying your objectives 158
8.2.2 Reviewing the literature 158
8.2.3 Explaining your study 161
8.3 Presenting your data excerpts 162
8.4 Key sections of a research report 165
References 167
Index 180
