Science in Design: Solidifying Design with Science and Technology

by Tarun Grover, Mugdha Thareja

Overview

There is an important overlap between science and design. The most significant technological developments cannot be produced without designers to conceptualize them. By the same token, designers cannot do their job properly without a good understanding of the scientific or technical principles that are being developed within the product. Science in Design: Solidifying Design with Science and Technology reveals the significance of the essential yet understudied intersection of design and scientific academic research and encompasses technological development, scientific principles, and the point of overlap between science and design.

• Encourages readers to comprehend the role of science in all facets of design
• Discusses the fundamental involvement of science required for engineering and design irrespective of whether the design is from an individual, business, or social perspective
• Covers the ontology, characteristics, and application of science in major fields of design education and design research, with an introduction of emerging practices transforming sustainable growth through applied behavioral models
• Depicts the art and science of material selection using new design techniques and technology advances like augmented reality, AI, and decision-support toolkits

This unique book will benefit scientists, technologists, and engineers, as well as designers and professionals, across a variety of industries dealing with scientific analysis of design research methodology, design lifecycle, and problem solving.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367548742
Publisher:	CRC Press
Publication date:	12/22/2020
Series:	Textile Institute Professional Publications
Pages:	192
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

Tarun Grover is Assistant Professor, MIT-ADT University, India, in the department of fashion design. A postgraduate (M-Tech) in Textile Chemistry with specialisation in material studies and textile, Mr. Grover has worked with various universities of repute, technical research organizations, and government agencies for numerous projects. He is an alumni of TIT&S Bhiwani, an institution established in 1943, and renowned for its state-of-the art research initiatives and higher education in Textile & Fashion Design Fraternity. He is a life associate member of TAI – Textile Association of India, and also a member of World Design Organization -WDO, Canada.

Mugdha Thareja is a research enthusiast and qualified professional in the field of computer science and information technology. A postgraduate (M-Tech) in Computer Science Engineering with a specialization in software engineering and image processing, Mugdha Thareja has around seven years of combined experience in academic research and education and the IT sector. She has served various premier engineering and higher education institutions in India as an academic faculty and has done research and publishing projects on the multidisciplinary approach. She possesses niche experience holding responsible positions at IT companies of global repute, including Genpact and e Software Solutions. She has offered her services as a consultant and instructional designer for various government projects sponsored by NABARD, TSSC, and NSDC in the field of technical education, skill development, and women empowerment. Her specialized areas of interest include software engineering, research methodologies, design research, agile methodology, human–computer interaction, user experience and multimedia, web technologies, and software project management.

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Author Bio xvii

Chapter 1 General Aspects of Science, Design, and Engineering 1

1.1 What Is Design? 1

1.1.1 Definition of Design 1

1.1.2 Themes of Design 3

1.1.3 Multiple Facets of Design Paradigm 4

1.1.4 Design Questions 5

1.2 Fields of Design Discipline 6

1.2.1 Product and Industrial Design 6

1.2.2 Graphic Design and Visual Communication 7

1.2.3 Interior Design 7

1.2.4 Textile Design 8

1.2.5 Retail and Exhibition Design 8

1.2.6 Fashion Design 8

1.2.7 Jewelry Design 9

1.2.8 Broadcast Media and Animation Design 9

1.3 Science and Design 9

1.3.1 Design Science 10

1.3.2 Design and Design Science 11

1.3.3 Principles and Recommendations 12

1.4 Examining Design Process from Design Science Outlook 12

1.5 Contribution of Design Science in Building Design 15

1.6 People and Practices 17

1.6.1 Science and Engineering Practices 17

1.6.2 Design and Engineering Practices 17

1.6.3 Design Science and Practices 18

1.6.4 Science and Design Engineering 19

1.7 Kreb's Cycle of Creativity: Blurring the Boundaries 19

1.8 Design Thinking - Innovating Design with Cognitive Science 20

1.8.1 Nature of Design Thinking 21

1.8.2 Design Thinking and Innovation 21

1.9 Toward Design Innovation 22

1.9.1 Features of Design-Driven Innovation 23

1.9.2 Design Innovation by Communication 23

1.9.3 Languages of Design Communication 24

1.10 Summary 27

References 27

Chapter 2 Design Science and Research Methodology 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 Ontology of Design 29

2.2.1 Ontology and Design Knowledge Representation 30

2.2.2 Science and Design Ontology 31

2.3 Engineering Research Methodology 32

2.4 Design Research Methodology 33

2.5 Design Science - Concept and Methods 35

Design Science - Study of Design 36

Design Science - Theory of Design 36

Design Science - Is It Action Research? 37

Design Science - Is It a Method? 37

Design Science - Is It a Computer Science Field? 37

Design Science - Is It an Autonomous Discipline? 37

Design Science in Reality 38

Design Science Methodology 38

2.6 DSR 39

2.6.1 Outcomes of DSR 39

2.6.2 Industry Outline of DSR 40

2.7 Framework of DSR Process 40

2.7.1 Activities 41

2.7.1.1 Problem Formulation 43

2.7.1.2 Artifact Design 44

2.7.1.3 Discrete Evaluation 45

2.8 Framework of DSR Evaluation 45

2.8.1 Dimensions of Evaluation in DSR 46

Dimension X - Formative Evaluation 46

Dimension Y - Paradigmatic Evaluation 46

2.8.2 Evaluation Strategies 46

2.8.3 Real-Time Evaluation Scenarios 47

2.9 DSR Cycles 50

2.10 DSR in Information Systems: A Case Study 52

Analysis Framework of DSR in Information Systems 53

Summary 54

References 55

Chapter 3 Art of Science in Fashion Design and Technology 57

3.1 Overview 57

3.2 Connecting Relationship between Science and Fashion 57

3.3 What Makes a Good Designer? 58

3.4 Fashion Design and Fashion Technology 58

3.5 Science in Fashion Design 59

3.6 Role of Technology and Creativity in Fashion Design 61

3.6.1 Technology 61

3.6.2 Creativity 63

3.7 Science and Technology in Fashion Design Innovation 65

3.8 Artificial Intelligence in Fashion Design 70

3.8.1 Production Technology Perspectives 70

3.8.1.1 Technology for Fashion Designers 71

3.8.2 Market Outreach Perspectives 73

3.9 Future of Fashion Design 75

3.9.1 Fashion Thinking + Design Thinking = Crossover Design 75

3.9.2 Converting "Impossible" to "Possible": Smart Clothing 75

3.9.2.1 The Development of Innovative Fabrics 75

3.9.2.2 The Combination of Electronic Products 76

3.9.3 New Design Patterns: Virtual Interactive Design 76

3.9.3.1 Augmented Clothing Design 76

3.9.3.2 Ultra-Dimensional Visual Clothing Design 77

3.9.4 Converging Fashion Design and Sustainability 77

3.9.4.1 Materials for Green Fashion 78

3.9.4.2 Revival of Traditional Crafts with Modern Technology 78

3.9.4.3 Recreation of Green Textile 79

Summary 79

References 80

Chapter 4 Science in Textile Design 81

4.1 Evolution of Textiles 81

4.2 Science in Textiles 81

4.3 Material Science: From Fibers to Fabrics 82

4.4 Essential Properties of Textiles 82

4.5 Textile Science Laboratory Experiments 83

4.6 Manufacturing Process and Internal Geometry of Textiles 84

4.7 Scientific Theory of Textile Design 85

4.8 Physiological Theory of Textile Science 85

4.9 Science and Technology in Textile Design 86

4.10 Design and Technology in Textile Manufacturing 86

4.10.1 Production of Fibers and Filaments 86

4.10.2 Design and Technology in Spinning 90

4.10.2.1 Designing in Yarns 90

4.10.2.2 Technologies of Spinning for Textile Production 93

4.10.3 Design and Technology in Weaving 97

4.10.3.1 Designing in Weaving 98

4.10.3.2 Technology in Weaving 101

4.10.4 Design and Technology in Processing and Finishing 107

4.10.4.1 Designing Technology in Textile Processing 107

4.10.4.2 Designing Technology in Textile Finishing 108

4.11 Future of Textile Science 108

Summary 110

References 111

Chapter 5 Innovative Graphics - Enabling Change by Thinking Science 113

5.1 Introduction 113

5.2 Understanding Graphic Designing 113

5.2.1 Elements of Graphic Design 114

5.2.1.1 Innovation 115

5.2.1.2 Design 118

5.2.1.3 Creativity 124

5.3 Foundation of Graphic Designing: Innovative Thinking 125

5.3.1 Relationship between Innovative Thinking and Graphic Design 125

5.3.2 Role of Innovative Thinking in Graphic Design 125

5.3.2.1 Improve Innovation Capability 125

5.3.2.2 Enhance Originality and Vitality of Graphic Work 126

5.3.3 Impact of Innovative Thinking on Graphic Designing 126

5.3.4 Analysis of Creative Thinking in Graphic Design 127

5.4 Connecting Science with Innovative Graphic Design 128

5.5 An Integrated Approach to Design Innovation 129

5.6 Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Graphic Design 130

5.6.1 Cross-Disciplinary Approaches - Concept and Opportunities 131

5.7 Technology for Innovative Graphic Design 133

5.7.1 Artificial Intelligence 133

How Can Designers Work with AI? 134

5.7.2 Immersive Reality 134

5.7.3 Sensory Haptic 135

Summary 136

References 136

Chapter 6 Sixth Sense: Panoply of Design in Digital 139

6.1 Introduction 139

6.2 History of Sixth Sense 140

6.3 Design Principles of Sixth Sense 140

Working of Sixth Sense Technology Device 141

6.4 Technologies Related to Sixth Sense 142

6.5 Color Segmentation in Sixth Sense Design 143

6.6 Applications of Sixth Sense Technology 144

6.7 Gesture-Based Human-Computer Interaction 147

6.8 Gesture Interaction Techniques 149

6.9 Machine Learning Techniques for Human Gesture Interaction 150

6.9.1 Rule-Based Approach vs. Machine Learning Approach 151

6.9.2 Framework of Machine Learning-Based Gesture Recognition 152

6.9.3 Computational Methods for Gesture Recognition 152

6.10 Understanding Sixth Sense Robotics 153

6.10.1 Human-Robot Interaction 154

6.10.2 Sixth Sense Robotics in Driver Assistance Systems 155

Application of Robot with Sixth Sense 156

6.11 Real-Time Sixth Sense Gesture Recognition Systems 158

6.12 Seventh Sense Technology - A New Gesture Interaction Study 160

6.12.1 Collaborative Robotics and Sensor Technology 160

6.12.2 How Does Seventh Sense Technology Work? 160

6.12.3 Implementation 162

Elements of Seventh Sense Communication 162

6.13 Seventh Sense as Novel Design Panoply 164

6.14 Summary 165

References 165

Index 169