Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
References 2
Chapter 2 Definitions and General Characteristics of Dust 3
Definitions 3
Characteristics of Dust 3
References 7
Chapter 3 Settled Dust Methods: History and Discussion 9
Scrape and Scoop 10
Adhesive Tape Lifts 10
Wipe Samples 11
Wipe Samples for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) 15
Wipe Samples for Lead 15
Wipe Samples for Asbestos 15
Microvac Sampling 16
Bulk Carpet Samples 21
Passive Monitors (In Situ Dustfall Collection Tins) 21
Reporting of Results 23
References 24
Chapter 4 Field Guide for Asbestos Dust Sampling 27
Scrape and Scoop 27
Intended Use 27
Materials 28
Collection Procedure 29
Adhesive Tape Lifts 29
Intended Use 29
Materials 30
Collection Procedure 30
Post-it™ Note Samplers with Carbon Tape 30
Intended Use 30
Materials 30
Collection Procedure 33
Microvac Sampling 33
Intended Use 33
Materials 33
Collection Procedure 35
Wipe Sampling 37
Intended Use 37
Materials 37
Collection Procedure 37
Carpet-Collection for Ultrasonic Shaking 38
Intended Use 38
Materials 38
Collection Procedure 38
Passive Monitoring Technique 38
Intended Use 38
Materials 40
Collection Procedure 40
Chapter 5 Laboratory Analysis Procedures 41
Cellophane Tape-PLM Analysis 41
Analysis of Post-it™ Notes by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersion X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) 42
Microvac Samples 42
Passive Dust Canisters 43
Carpet Samples 44
Direct Preparation of MCE Filters 44
References 47
Chapter 6 Data: Levels of Asbestos in Dust 49
References 51
Chapter 7 Information About the Source of Asbestos in Dust 53
References 58
Chapter 8 Resuspension of Settled Dust 59
References 63
Chapter 9 Using Settled Dust Data in Building Inspections and in Operations and Maintenance 67
Description of Building Inspection 67
Purpose of a Building Inspection 68
Traditional Approach to Building Inspection 69
Dust Sampling as an Additional Component of Inspection and Operations and Maintenance 70
Collection of Dust Samples 73
Determination of Sampling Locations 73
Objectives for Sampling 73
Architectural Finishes 74
Mechanical Equipment and Plenum Spaces 76
Methods of Collection 76
Interpretation of Data 80
Implications for the Asbestos Management Plan 81
References 81
Chapter 10 Relevance of Settled Dust to the Design of Abatement Actions 83
Introduction 83
Dust Criterion 83
Abatement Procedures 86
Boundaries of Building Decontamination 86
Decontamination of Furniture and Equipment 87
Treatment of Building Systems 88
Work Area Containment 88
Breach of Containment 89
Diagnosis of Other Abatement Ills 91
Diagnosis of an Unintended Building Event 92
Case Studies 93
Case Study #1 93
Case Study #2 95
References 97
Glossary 99
Appendix 1 Asbestos Exposure During and Following Cable Installation in the Vicinity of Fireproofing 111
Introduction and Background 112
Test Site 113
Study Design and Experiment Methods 114
Cable Installation Procedures 114
Sampling and Analytical Methods 115
Data Analysis 119
Presentation of Results 120
Discussion 121
Acknowledgment 124
References 124
Author Affiliations 126
Appendix 2 DECON: A Case Study in Technology 129
Background 129
Contamination Assessment 130
Decontamination Technologies 132
References 133
Author Affiliations 133
Appendix 3 Asbestos at a Fire Scene: The Case of the Dupont Plaza Hotel 135
The Effects of Asbestos 136
Handling Contaminated Evidence 138
Reference 139
Author Affiliation 139
Appendix 4 Methods for the Analysis of Carpet Samples for Asbestos 141
Key Words 141
The Ultrasonic Preparation Procedure 142
The Microvac Technique 143
Asbestos Counting 144
Data on Precision and Percent Recovery 145
Discussion 146
References 147
Author Affiliations 148
Appendix 5 Use of Observation Data and Environmental Studies in Developing Better Operations and Maintenance Plans 149
Introduction 149
Changes in O&M Practices 150
Observational Data 154
Experimental Data 161
Conclusions 161
References 164
Notes 165
Author Affiliations 165
Appendix 6 Air and Dust Sampling in Return Air Plenums 167
Introduction 167
Background 167
Objectives 168
Discussion 168
Conclusions 174
Issues for Further Study 174
Appendix A Nomenclature 175
References 176
Acknowledgment 176
Author Affiliation 177
Appendix 7 Observations on Studies Useful to Asbestos O&M Activities 179
Key Words 179
Abstract 179
Introduction/Risks 179
Dust 180
Carpet 183
Typical Indoor Air Asbestos Levels 183
Asbestos Vacuums 187
Carpet Vacuuming Data 188
Future Research 189
References 191
Notes 192
Author Affiliations 192
Appendix 8 Re-entrainment of Asbestos from Dust in a Building with Acoustical Plaster 193
Hypothesis 194
Research Design 194
Methods 195
Results 200
Discussion 201
Acknowledgments 205
References 205
Author Affiliations 206
Appendix 9 Scanning Electron Microscopy of Post-it™ Notes Used for Environmental Sampling 207
Sampling Procedures 208
Study Situations 208
Equipment and Method 208
Results 209
Discussion 214
Conclusion 216
References 216
Notes 216
Author Affiliations 216
Appendix 10 Exposure to Airborne Asbestos Associated with Simulated Cable Installation Above a Suspended Ceiling 217
Test Site 218
Study Design 219
Experimental Materials and Methods 220
Simulation Procedures 220
Equipment and Data Collection Methods 220
Asbestos Analysis 222
Statistical Analysis 223
Results 224
Discussion 226
Acknowledgment 229
References 229
Notes 230
Author Affiliations 230
Index 231
