Table of Contents
PrefaceIntroduction: Preliminary considerations in the teaching of pronunciation- Biological factors- Socio-cultural factors- Personality factors- The role of the native language- Setting realistic goalsPART ONE: The sound system of English1. Spelling and pronunciation- The English spelling system- Sound-spelling correspondences- Spelling in other languages- The phonetic alphabet- Exercises2. Individual sounds of English- How speech sounds are made- Consonants and vowelsThe description of English consonants- Place of articulation- Manner of articulation- Voicing- SummaryThe description of English vowels- Tongue height- Frontness/backness of tongue- Tenseness/laxness- Lip rounding- Phonetic symbols for vowels- Complex vowels (dipthongs)- The vowel /ar/- The consonant /h/- Semi-vowels (glides)- Exercises3. English sounds in contextPositional variation- Contrastive sounds of English- Non-contrastive sounds of English- Implications for teaching- ConclusionGrammatical endings- The regular past tense- The plural, possessive, and third person singular- Grammatical endings in the pronunciation classroom- Exercises4. The shape of English words- Syllable types- Consonant clusters- Exercises5. Word stress and vowel reduction- What is stress?- Schwa- Major and minor stress- Placement of word stress- Exercises6. Connected SpeechRhythm, sentence stress, and intonation- The stress-timed rhythm of English- Placement of stress in sentences- IntonationModifications of sounds in connected speech- The pronunciation of function words- Linking- Deletion of consonants- Assimilation- Summary- ExercisesPART TWO: The identification and correction of specific pronunciation problemsIntroduction7. Common pronunciation problems- English vowels- English consonants- Stress, rhythm, and intonation8. Problems of selected language groups- Arabic- Chinese- Farsi- French- German- Greek- Hindi and Punjabi- Italian- Japanese- Korean- Polish- Portuguese- Spanish- VietnamesePART THREE: Classroom activitiesIntroduction9. A communicative approach to pronunciation teaching- Introduction- Consonants and vowels- Connected speech- Suprasegmentals- Monitoring- Conclusion10. Pronunciation syllabus design: a question of focus- The zoom principle- Assessing learner variables- Collection of speech samples- Diagnosis of speech samples- From diagnosis to syllabus design- Monitoring progress- Appendix: Student diagnostic profile11. Suprasegmentals in the pronunciation class: setting priorities- Introduction- Stress/unstress- Stress and rhythm- Major sentence stress- Intonation- Linking and pausing- Palatalization- Conclusion12. Pronunciation-based listening exercises for the multi-level class- Introduction- Minimal pairs- Stress assignment- Function words- Intonation- Conclusion13. Teaching pronunciation: an inventory of techniques- IntroductionIndividual sounds- Minimal pairs- Visual aids- Stress, rhythm, and intonation- Developing fluency- Conclusion14. Developing self-correcting and self-monitoring strategies- Introduction- Self-correction- Self-monitoring- Conclusion15. Developing natural and confident speech:- Drama techniques in the pronunciation class- Introduction- Articulation- Pitch, volume, and rate- Variety- Conclusion16. Unintelligibility and the ESL learner- Introduction- The receiver- The sender- Conclusionbr /GlossaryFurther readingBibliographyContributorsIndex
