Table of Contents
Acknowledgments iii
About the Author ix
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 The Diversity of Students and Programs 7
EL Categories 7
English Language Proficiency Standards 9
Programs for ELs 9
A School's Commitment to Serving Every Student 16
Chapter 2 RTI and Quality Instruction 19
RTI Explained 19
Interventions in Dual-Language Programs 22
Attributes of Quality Instruction 24
Prepare to Prevent Failure 27
Chapter 3 The Educational Needs of Young ELs 29
The Process of Learning a Second Language 30
The Importance of the Primary Language 31
Preliteracy in English 32
Family Support 38
Reducing the Gaps 41
Chapter 4 The Most Critical Year: First Grade 43
Reading Instruction 44
ELs and Centers 46
The Importance of Conversation 50
Parental Partnerships 51
Chapter 5 Selecting Words to Teach 55
Academic Language 55
Strategic Selection of Words 56
Three Tiers of Vocabulary 58
Quick Tips for Selecting Words to Teach 64
Chapter 6 Teaching Vocabulary 67
Levels of Word Knowledge 68
Preteaching Vocabulary 70
Teaching Vocabulary During Reading 76
Teaching Vocabulary After Reading 77
Vocabulary Strategies 78
Quick Tips for Teaching Vocabulary 82
Chapter 7 Teaching Reading 85
Reading Skills and Processes 86
Preparing to Teach a Text 89
Reading Strategies 89
Grammar, Syntax, and Pronunciation 101
Balancing Strategy Instruction 102
Quick Tips for Teaching Reading 102
Chapter 8 Teaching Writing 105
Writing Strategies 105
Collaborative Writing, Revising, and Editing 112
Differentiated Growth Plan 115
Quick Tips for Teaching Writing 116
Chapter 9 Ensuring and Reinforcing Comprehension 119
Teaching Techniques to Ensure Comprehension 119
Anchoring Reading and Vocabulary 124
Assessment of Progress and Proficiency 124
Respect for the Primary Language 130
Chapter 10 Cooperative Learning 133
Aligning With 21st Century Skills 133
Conditions for Productive Learning 135
Cooperative Learning in Content Classes 137
A Medley of Cooperative Learning Strategies 138
Classroom Management 144
References and Resources 147
Index 159
