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Overview
The king first noticed Anne Boleyn as a heartbroken sixteen-year-old, sullen and beautiful after a thwarted romance with the son of the Earl of Northumberland. "All eyes and hair," a courtier had said disparagingly of her, but when King Henry VIII fell for young Anne, nothing could keep him from what he desired. Against common sense and the urgings of his most trusted advisors, Henry defied all, blindly following his passion for Anne, using the power he held over the bodies and souls of all who reside in his realm and beyond. Anne's ascent to the throne elevates her from lady-in-waiting to the highest position a woman could attain, but her life spirals out of control when Henry is driven to desperate acts of betrayal and violence. The consequences of Anne's rise to power and eventual demise are felt well beyond the inner circle of the court. Loyalties, to church, to queen, to country, are tested, and — in the wake of the king's volatile passions — can be an unpredictable matter of life and death.
First published in 1963 and adored by readers for generations, Lofts' lush and moving portrayal of the ambitious and doomed Anne Boleyn will continue to reign as a classic retelling of this epic chapter of history vividly brought to life.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781416590903 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Touchstone |
| Publication date: | 06/10/2008 |
| Edition description: | Reprint |
| Pages: | 464 |
| Sales rank: | 454,918 |
| Product dimensions: | 5.20(w) x 7.90(h) x 1.10(d) |
About the Author
Read an Excerpt
I
It was devised that the Lord Percy should marry one of the Earl of Shrewsbury's daughters — as he did afterwards. Mistress Anne Boleyn was greatly offended with this, saying that if ever it lay in her power she would work the Cardinal as much displeasure as he had done her.Cavendish, The Life of Cardinal Wolsey
BLICKLING HALL, NORFOLK. OCTOBER 1523
The serving woman went and knelt by the hearth and busied herself with the kindling of the fire. Every movement, every line of her body, proclaimed that she was making a concession to unusual circumstance. Fifteen years and almost as many small promotions lay between her and such a lowly task: but the room, the whole house except for the kitchen, was as cold and damp as the grave, and what was left of the household was in that state of disorganization possible only to one caught unawares in the moment of relaxation following a visit from its master who has just departed and unlikely to return for some time. So Emma Arnett, a practical woman, was lighting the fire.
She had, after all, been specially charged to look after her new mistress, the pale, thin girl, stony-eyed with misery, who now stood, still in her damp riding clothes, staring out at the lashing rain. It had rained almost all the way from London, and the state of the roads had added at least two days to the miserable journey. Unless the girl were soon warmed, and coddled a little, she'd come down with a cold, and to judge by the look of her, she was in no state to shake off even the most trivial indisposition.
"Even the wood is damp," Emma said. "Or I've lost my knack."
It was as well to draw attention to the fact that she, Lady Lucia's personal body-servant, was down on her knees, blackening her hands, doing a kitchen slut's work.
"It doesn't matter," the girl said in a dull, indifferent way. "We can go to bed."
"That we can't do, yet. Apart from the servants' pallets there's not a bed in the house fi t to sleep on. Those Sir Thomas and his company used, that might have been aired, are all out in the barn, emptied and being picked over. He complained that they were lumpy, as I've no doubt they were. That slit-eyed rogue that calls himself steward is as fi t for the job as I am to be Master of Horse."
The window rattled under the onslaught of wind and rain; what little smoke had gathered in the chimney gushed out again and drifted about the room.
"A fine homecoming," Emma Arnett said.
The girl brought her hands out from under her arms and began to rub them together.
"It's not my home. It's just one of my father's houses. I haven't had a home for years. And now it looks as though I never may again."
Emma turned her head and gave the girl a cautious, almost apprehensive glance. Would it come now, the inevitable breakdown, the moment she'd been dreading ever since she had been set this task? She hated weak tearful women, and one of the things which irked her now that she had achieved her ambition to be lady's maid was the emotional demand ladies so often made of their servants. They'd smile and hold their heads high, and conceal their sufferings both of mind and body, right up to the door of the bed-chamber. Once within, with the loosening of the stays, the letting down of the hair, would come the collapse. To you, Emma, I can show my hurt; from you I can ask pity. The trouble was, she had none to give; and to be asked for it was as embarrassing as being accosted by a beggar when you yourself were penniless. Poverty, misfortune, and exploitation had made her hard, through and through, and she disliked acting the hypocrite though she did it, frequently and successfully.
If the girl, upon those woeful words, broke down and wept, Emma would pat and make clucking sounds, and fi nd something hopeful and consoling to say; but the pretense at sympathy would kill the genuine and quite lively feeling toward the girl which had been building up, hour by hour, over the last six days. For, although Emma was incapable of pity, she could be moved to admiration by any evidence of fortitude and hardihood, which were her own virtues. And so far the girl had behaved with a remarkable and surprising gallantry.
For there was no doubt that she had taken a heavy blow, all the worse for following upon what seemed to be a piece of quite astonishing good fortune.
Satisfi ed that the dangerous moment had passed, Emma turned her attention to the sulky fire while through her mind ran again, on a well-worn groove, everything that she knew about Mistress Anne Boleyn.
She had come home from France where she'd been in the service of Queen Claude, because there'd been a disagreement between King Henry of England and King Francis of France which looked as though it would end in war. She'd very soon been given a place among Queen Catherine's women which was natural enough, for her father, Sir Thomas, was one of the King's favorite errand-runners, place-fi llers, a kind of gentleman lackey.
In her new sphere the girl had been noticeable, but for all the wrong reasons. Queen Catherine — now in her thirties and a little faded, her figure ruined by ill-fated pregnancies — had once been beautiful and still showed a preference for good-looking women about her, just as she liked fine clothes and jewels. Anne Boleyn had no looks to speak of, no bosom even. One of the Court gallants had dismissed her with the words, "All eyes and hair," and that was a truer saying than were most such slighting remarks. Her hair and her eyes were noticeable, but they were black, and at Court brunettes were out of fashion. And out of fashion, too, was anything French. Mistress Anne, who had lived in France since she was nine years old, had brought home a marked French accent. This, with her coloring and a certain, indefi nable freedom of manner, regarded as typically French, had led a number of people to think that she was not wholly English. Any levity was noticeable at Court, Queen Catherine was, after all, a Spaniard, and Spanish Court manners were known to be the stiffest, most formal in all the world. There was another thing which weighed, in the scales of public esteem, against the plain, lively girl; her elder sister, Mary Boleyn, had been for a time the King's mistress. For a King, a man married to a woman some years his senior, Henry had led a comparatively chaste life, so his lapses were noted, and remembered.
There she was; sixteen years old, with no advantages whatsoever; the Cinderella of the Queen's ladies, and, it seemed, about to turn the fairy tale into real life. For she had caught the eye of young Harry Percy, heir to the Earl of Northumberland; a young man who by blood and wealth would have been a suitable match for any woman outside the closest kin to royalty. And even when you considered royalty's close kin, you must remember that Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, with a lineage much inferior to Percy's, had married the King's sister and weathered the storm of the King's anger. Harry Percy could, in fact, have married almost anyone; and he proposed to marry Anne Boleyn.
It was a nine days' wonder and the gossip reached Emma Arnett, busy with the wardrobe, the jewels, the hair-dressing of Lady Lucia Bryant, one of the women closest to the Queen. This, said gossip, is a love affair which will link all the Johnnies-Come-Up-Lately with those of the real nobility who survived the Wars of the Roses. Sir Thomas Boleyn's grandfather had been a tradesman, mercer, saddler, corn-chandler, who remembered exactly what? He'd been Lord Mayor of London and made a pile of money. But William de Perci had come over with William the Conqueror; and young Harry Percy's namesake, nicknamed Hotspur, had been on shoulder slapping terms, boon companion terms, with Henry V, hero of Agincourt.
People began to say that there must be more in the thin, sallow, sloe-eyed little girl than appeared on the surface. What was it? Nobody could say. It was a mystery. It was a little like those old, discredited tales of the alchemists who could turn base metal into gold. From plain Mistress Anne Boleyn to Lady Northumberland...
And then, from the center of his enormous, complicated web, from open negotiations with the Emperor, secret negotiations with the French, from his buildings, his law suits, his multitudinous ecclesiastical concerns, the great Cardinal, Thomas Wolsey, son of an Ipswich butcher and now called, not entirely in jest — though jesting words often hold unpalatable truths — "the King of Europe," moved. Harry Percy was attached to his household. One evening he was called in and told, pleasantly but bluntly, that his notion of marrying Anne Boleyn must be abandoned.
Wolsey was a practical man and he gave good practical reasons for his order. It was not a suitable match. Sir Thomas Boleyn was a toady, a lackey; Mary Boleyn was a whore. Daughter of one, sister of the other, Anne was unworthy of a Percy's attention.
The Cardinal was, at that moment, at the zenith of his powers. He was the friend and confi dant not only of the King of England, but of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, of His Most Christian Majesty, Francis the First of France, and of lesser rulers, Regents, Dukes, Margraves, throughout the whole of Christendom. He could make or break alliances; he could plan war or peace. The King of France and the Emperor were little boys, sitting on opposite ends of a seesaw; Wolsey, with a fl ick of the hand, could set the thing swinging. Nobody yet, except in the debased marketplace of diplomacy where "No" merely meant "What bid?," had ever said "No" to Thomas Wolsey. But on this evening, the great silly handsome boy, Harry Percy, in whom under the silk and velvet of this later, softer age, the blood of Hotspur ran, said "No" with a fi rmness which the Cardinal recognized. Harry Percy said that he did not intend to be dictated to; he'd chosen the woman he wanted to marry and he meant to stick to his choice. His Eminence could say what he liked about Sir Thomas, and about Mary; he wasn't proposing to marry either of them.
In Court circles there was a great buzz. There were plenty of people who would have been delighted to see the Cardinal defeated, even over so minor an issue. But they were in an awkward position, standing on one foot, as it were. For they were the very ones who were against "the new men" and who would willingly have seen Thomas Boleyn also cut down.
Taking sides, not taking sides, awaiting the outcome, curious, avid, people who had never bothered to give Anne more than a passing glance, now studied her carefully, and missed the quality that Emma Arnett was so soon to recognize. Through those critical days the girl moved almost as though unaware that her fate was in the balance; stared at, she was neither embarrassed, nor defiant; she seemed to be deaf to gossip, and when questioned by those whose curiosity outran their mannerliness, she returned answers that were masterpieces of evasion.
The situation lasted only as long as it took the Earl of Northumberland to come roaring down to London. The Cardinal had never yet suffered defeat on a domestic issue, and it was not to be for Harry Percy, doughty fighter as he was, to score the first success. The Cardinal and the Earl had been closeted together for an hour; then the Earl emerged and found his son and informed him that he seemed to have overlooked the fact that he had been betrothed, in his early youth, to a daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury, and that nothing short of expensive and long-drawn-out legal procedure could set him free to marry anyone else. The Cardinal sent a messenger to the Court, and before the day was out Emma Arnett, hitherto a mere listener to gossip, had been assigned an active part.
She was removing her lady's headdress when the lady, who had said little and seemed thoughtful since she entered the room, said,
"Emma. Mistress Anne Boleyn is to leave Court tomorrow and go to her father. She has no woman of her own and the Queen, who feels sorry for her, suggested that I should lend you to accompany her and stay with her as long as needs be."
In Emma, the cold, sluggish resentment that passed for anger stirred. You worked and watched, copied and learned, and by sheer determination pulled yourself out of the kitchen of a remote Norfolk manor house into the bed-chamber of a palace; but it made no difference. You were a chattel still. Something to be lent about, like a piece of clothing. Less important. Lending a sable-lined cloak a lady would say, "Treat it carefully." No such words had accompanied this lending, she'd warrant.
She was mindful to keep her face impassive because of the mirror; and no sign of her discontent sounded in her voice as she asked,
"Who will take my place with you, my lady?"
"Agnes Fieldman. I can manage with her. I shall miss you, Emma, but Her Grace looked straight at me as she described the position. Someone reliable, responsible and kind, she said, and waited for me to offer."
In truth, the Queen had not had to wait at all. Lady Lucia had made the offer with a promptness that was almost unfl attering to Emma, and there was reason for that. Emma was reliable and responsible and skilled, but she was forty years old and set in her ways. Naturally she always did exactly what she was told — she'd have caught a buffet otherwise — but somehow anything new, any innovation suggested by her ladyship, seemed to go wrong as soon as Emma took it in hand. It was possible to have one maid too long. Lady Lucia would be very happy to be served by Agnes — who was adaptable — for a change. Another thing which made Emma, for all her virtues, less than perfect as a bed-chamber acolyte was her tendency to receive anything of which she disapproved with silence. It left you at a disadvantage, complaints and protests would be answered and quelled; you couldn't very well chide a maid for saying nothing; yet there were times when Emma's silences were more eloquent and offensive than words. This was one of them.
"One reason why I made the offer," Lady Lucia said almost peevishly, "is that she is bound for Blickling, in Norfolk. I thought it would be pleasant for you to visit your family and friends."
Trying to make an imposition seem like a favor, Emma thought, laying the headdress away with delicate care. But her quick ear caught the note in her lady's voice and she said, as a good servant should, exactly what was expected of her,
"It was kind of you to think of that, my lady."
Her own inner voice said — Kind! Family and friends? It's more than twenty years since I was in Norfolk; twenty-four since my father's farm was turned into a sheep run and he died, empty-bellied and brokenhearted, and my mother, the best butter maker in fi ve parishes, had to go to work at a wool merchant's as a picker and baler, and was dead in a year of the cough.
Gently she loosed and removed the lady's gown, gently unlaced the iron-stiffened stays.
"Of course, I began at the wrong end," Lady Lucia said. "I should have explained why Mistress Anne is bound for Blickling."
Emma had heard already. News spread quickly in palaces which were, in effect, small towns. But she listened with the required politeness, and was rewarded by hearing one thing that had not been mentioned over the goffering irons.
"The Cardinal's intervention," Lady Lucia said, "is regarded as being very strange. And so is the fact that no one, no one at all, has, until today, heard a whisper about the betrothal between young Percy and Lord Shrewsbury's girl. One would have expected the father, not His Eminence, to have made the first protest. In fact, the whole thing appears to be a political move. A blow aimed at Sir Thomas Boleyn who, many people think, is getting beyond himself. So the poor wench must suffer, and you, Emma, must be kind. And patient. Remember, all her hopes are shattered."
Emma had been prepared to take charge of a tearful, perhaps hysterical girl, who in this moment of crisis would show her lack of breeding. The serving woman recognized two kinds of breeding, that of the truly great, that of her own peasant class. The outstanding example of the former kind was the Queen herself who had borne, without self-pity or bitterness, repeated disappointments in her effort to provide England with an heir. One living child, the Princess Mary; a son who had died while the celebrations of his birth were still in progress, stillborn children, miscarriages. And never a whimper. Catherine was the daughter of Isabella of Castile, the Warrior Queen, and she battled against ill fate with the same dogged courage as her mother had shown against the Moors. That kind of courage was admirable. And so was that of the hard, tough peasant stock from which Emma herself came, the courage of patience, of endurance, of a fundamental hopelessness. Between these two extremes lay the middling sort of people, which included those seemingly great ladies who showed a brave face to the world and then cried on the shoulders of their serving women.
Emma had been prepared for tears and swoonings all the way from London to Blickling.
On the first day she'd thought the girl was stunned, not yet aware of what she had lost — just as they said that in battle a man could receive a disabling, or even fatal wound and feel nothing for a while. Hatfi eld; Stevenage; Baldock; Royston; the weather bad, the inns poor, the two manservants surly; Exning; Thetford; Aylsham; and then the arrival at the almost-worse-than-deserted house. And still not a tear. Not even now, when she commented upon her homelessness in the past and the likelihood of being homeless forever.
This behavior showed quality that Emma Arnett recognized; it spoke of something hard and strong; something with which she was akin.
She rose from her knees.
"That Rhys," she said, "looked me as straight in the face as his eyes would let him, and said he had no key to the cellar. I told him that if that was so, he should take a hatchet to the door. If he hasn't, I will."
Anne said, "He'll have found the key."
"I'll find out," Emma said, and gave the fire a last look, you dare go out! and went from the room, the old, dirty rushes crackling under her feet.
Left alone, Anne bent her thumb and put it between her teeth and bit upon it hard. Seven days now; a whole week, and never one moment in which to cry. Lady Cuddington had taken her aside, into the embrasure of the window, and broken the news; and she and the others had expected a storm of tears, a swoon, a fit. But they were all too small, too ordinary things. Women cried over toothache, swooned if they cut a finger, had a fit at the sight of a mouse. What she had wanted to do, when Lady Cuddington had kindly and hesitantly said what was to be said, was to wave her hand and destroy everybody, to call down the fire that had consumed Sodom and Gomorrah and watch them all burn. But she couldn't do that and, raging against her impotence, she had done the only thing left to do; held her head high, kept her face masklike, compelled her voice to be steady.
"If I am to travel tomorrow I should ask leave to retire and make ready."
She crossed the room, every eye upon her, to the other window where Catherine and two ladies noted for their nimble needles were busy embroidering an altar cloth. She made her perfect, French-style curtsy and begged permission to withdraw, "Your Grace will know upon what cause."
The Queen said quietly, "Yes, I know." She would have liked to have added, "And I am sorry for it," but she did not add those words. Not because she dared not; upon any matter of principle, any matter of right and wrong, Catherine's courage was boundless. But to express, openly, at this moment, her sympathy with Anne, whom she regarded as a silly young girl, misled by a boy almost as young and even sillier, would have implied criticism of the Cardinal, and might easily be misinterpreted. The Cardinal's spies were everywhere; Lady Lucia Bryant, Lady Cuddington even, might be the one to run and tattle, saying that the Queen had questioned the rightness of his decision with regard to Mistress Anne Boleyn. And just now, when the great Cardinal seemed to have changed sides and to be against France and for the Emperor, who was Catherine's nephew, she was anxious to be upon good terms with him, outwardly at least. So she contented herself by saying,
"I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey." And then had done her best to ensure the girl's comfort by making certain that on the journey she should be well served. A Queen's life was largely made up of such compromises.
Anne had gone, consumed with rage and misery which must be concealed, to the large room that she shared with three other maids of honor. Two of them, with their women, were there, half naked, trying on the clothes that they were to wear at the masque in two days' time. No place to cry.
They'd have believed that she was crying from thwarted ambition, for the title and the wealth and the position which would now never be hers. "Love" was a word much used in the poems and songs and masques, but in real everyday life about the Court it means nothing. There wasn't one person who would have believed her had she cried, "My heart is broken; I love him." But it was true. Harry Percy, big, handsome, a little stupid, had arrived in her life just at the moment when she passed the line between childhood and womanhood and she had given him all the stored up, hitherto untapped love that was in her, love which girls who had grown up at home had dispensed unthinking to their fathers, brothers, cousins, friends. His name, his wealth, his status meant nothing to her; she would have felt the same about him had he been a groom, a forester, a farmer. Merely to look at him across a crowded room made her feel dizzy, boneless, breathless; a glance from him, a chance touching of hands sent all her pulses leaping. She was in love with him before he noticed her, and in her inexperience thought that it would be impossible that anything could ever increase that love; but when he began to single her out for attention, always choosing her as his partner in any dance or game, contriving excuses to get her alone, gratitude and wonder, even a kind of awe were added to her love. In her mind he assumed almost godlike proportions; in choosing her he had elevated and honored her. The jealousy of the other ladies, openly displayed or masked by congratulatory phrases, was like incense.
He was older, infinitely more worldly-wise, much more prey to urgent physical desires. He would gladly enough have made her his mistress — at least not that exactly, since he intended to make her his wife — but there were evenings, in that summer of 1523, when he would willingly have anticipated the marriage ceremony. Two things prevented it. One the simple but bothersome business of lack of privacy; he was attached to the Cardinal's household, she to the Queen's, which meant that neither had a room where the door could be locked or bolted; neither was free to disappear for any length of time without explanation. But such handicaps had been overcome in the past and would be again in the future; it could have been contrived but for the other preventive, Anne's surprising prudery; surprising because she was so gay, so frivolous, so French, so eager to attract, and having attracted, up to a point so responsive. Harry Percy, like almost everyone else, had preconceived notions about the French, and the French King's lechery was a byword. Hardly anyone knew, or being told would have believed, that Queen Claude was almost fanatically chaste and had imposed upon her ladies a standard of conduct more suitable to a nunnery than a court. Years of such training, experienced in pliable youth, were not without effect. Also, of course, there was always Mary to remember. Mary hadn't suffered; when the King had tired of her he had found her a husband, and her behavior had, in general, benefi ted her family, but Anne was liable at any critical moment to find herself thinking — Just because Mary was easy, don't imagine that I...
So when the blow fell there was just a little extra sting to it; it was unjust to be so punished when she had behaved so blamelessly. And under that there was the deeper hurt of privation, of a loss that could never now be made good. She had loved him, she had saved the ultimate expression of that love as something to be enjoyed on her wedding night. Now she was never to have it. Lady Mary Talbot would. It was a childish comparison — but childhood was, after all, only just behind her; it was as though, served with cherry pie, she had saved the cherries until last, mumbled the crust, and then seen the fruit snatched away and given to another.
Never now, never never, in the whole of life, would she and Harry Percy lie together, naked in a bed. And it was that, not the wide acres, or the wealth, or being called Countess of North umberland, that had mattered to her.
Upon that thought she pressed her arms to her waist and bent over against the pain that slashed her, as real and savage as though it derived not from a thought, but from a physical cause. This empty, gnawing emptiness, how long can it last? Until I die? I'm only sixteen, and women sometimes live to be old.
She straightened herself as Emma Arnett re-entered, but she looked so ghastly that the serving woman recalled a few instances of particularly stubborn people who had died, literally, on their feet. Suppose she died, Emma thought, remembering how little the girl had eaten in these six days, or slept. They'd blame me. They'd blame me for pushing on, for not seeing the state she was in, for not stopping at Hatfi eld and sending for a doctor. I was given full charge.
"Are you well, mistress?" she asked, setting down the tray she carried. It bore a tarnished silver candlestick, a lidded jug and a tall cup.
"Well enough," Anne said.
"Come to the fire; there's heat in it now. Let me take your cloak. There! The wine will hearten you. That Rhys found the key when I mentioned the hatchet, and they've heated it right, warm enough to be a comfort and not hot enough to lose goodness." She poured some into the cup and handed it to Anne who took it and cradled it in both hands.
"They're making the supper," Emma said. "It's a poor one, I'm afraid."
As she spoke Emma Arnett who lived in the same skin rebuked her. A poor supper? A duck taken straight from the pond, plucked, dressed, and spitted; followed by marigold eggs, a rich confection of custard and apples. Poor? When to thousands of people two such dishes in conjunction would constitute a feast, suitable only to a wedding or a christening. When there were thousands more who had never in their lives tasted either, people who lived on bread and porridge, with two or three times a year a taste of salt pork or stockfi sh. When there were other thousands, beggars, who on many days ate nothing at all; who counted themselves lucky to be thrown a crust, or to be allowed to delve into a bucket of pig swill in the hope of dredging up some eatable morsel. There were at this moment more beggars in England than there had ever been, and not idle rogues, far from it; decent laboring men, thrown out of work because the acres they'd plowed and seeded and scythed had been turned into sheep runs. One man, they said, could tend the sheep that grazed an area which, properly farmed, had employed twenty; and what happened to the other nineteen Emma Arnett knew only too well. So she felt it wrong to decry the meal now being prepared, though her common sense told her that for a young lady straight from Court, where between twenty and thirty dishes were commonplace, it was a poor meal.
Anne said, "Whatever it is, I'm not hungry."
"But you must eat, sometime." Emma spoke earnestly, but without the coaxing manner most women in her position would have employed. "Every meal so far, you've just pecked and pushed away — I grant with good reason most times — but you can't go on this way."
"No, because I might die. And what a pity that would be!"
"There're easier ways," Emma said drily. "Besides, mistress, you're young. It was a bad knock, and painful, but time will ease it, as it does most things. One day you may look back and laugh — I hope you will. But to do that you must keep alive."
"I shall keep alive. Anger alone will do that for me." She stared across the wine cup, into the fire. "It was such an unfair way to treat us," she said, speaking more quickly and in an agitated manner. "Are we expected to believe that Harry had grown to this age and never been told that he was betrothed? When he came to London, wouldn't his father have said, "Mark you, Harry, you're not in the market for marriage, Mary Talbot has her brand on your fl ank?" Or even if he had overlooked so mild a precaution, wouldn't he have found Harry and told him, himself, the moment he reached London? But oh no! First he must spend an hour, alone with that great bloated red spider, and then, out he comes with this tale all ready in his mouth. And why? God's Wounds, I rack my brain trying to think why? Even if, to all Wolsey's monopolies and all his duties had been added the arranging of marriages, why should this one so affront him that he must interfere?"
Lady Lucia, Emma remembered, had said much the same thing. Probably no one knew the reason, nor ever would. The Cardinal's methods were too subtle to be understood by anyone but himself.
"He's very sly," Emma said. "If ever he fell out of favor he could earn a living at fairs, with three thimbles and a pea. Drink your wine while it's warm, mistress."
"Put the jug on the hearth," Anne said, "and fetch yourself a cup. You've had a long, cold ride, too."
During her spectacular career — upon which, although she did not know it, she had already started — she was to have virulent enemies, some devoted friends; arguments about her behavior, her motives, her personality were to go on and on down the years, but those who actually served her in a menial capacity never wavered in their good opinion of her, never had anything but kind things to say. "She was always considerate and just." "To me she was a good mistress." "She was easy to work for."
Fetching the second cup Emma said to herself — That was thoughtful, with all she has on her mind, too. And she remembered how often, in her own hard life, a furious resentment had been all that had kept her going. She understood, and therefore sympathized with Anne's anger, far more than she would have done with any softer emotion.
When she had poured wine into her cup she lifted it a little and said formally, "Good health, mistress; and better fortune."
"I wish you health and happiness," Anne responded. The wind whined and threw rain against the windows, but the fire was hot, the candles bright, and the erstwhile dreary room was cosy, a safe, warm refuge.
They had missed dinner in the effort to reach Blickling before twilight and upon empty stomachs the mulled wine, spiced with cloves and cinnamon and ginger, and sweetened with honey, was a potent brew. Under its infl uence each woman lowered guard a little and when a sudden thought struck her, Anne spoke aloud.
"Do you know, I believe, I truly believe that the Cardinal knew that my father had gone from here. That was another trick. My father has no great fondness for me, he is not a man given to fondness, but he is ambitious and my being cast off in this manner will displease him. Had he been here he would have heard my story and carried it to the King — he has his ear, at times, when the Cardinal is not whispering into it. He'd have asked for some proof of this former betrothal. And the Cardinal needed time. So I was sent here, because my father is at Hever. Oh, I was a fool to have left so meekly. I did everything wrong. Even the Queen...if I'd thought...if I'd had my wits about me, I shouldn't have asked leave to retire, I should have flung myself at her feet and asked her to plead for me."
"With the King?"
"Who else?"
"It would have been to no purpose," Emma said, flatly. "Whatever influence Her Grace ever had upon the King is outworn. That marriage, mistress, is fourteen years old and has not given His Grace what he wanted, a sturdy son. You may ease your mind there, nothing that you could have said to the Queen could have bettered your case. And to have pleaded, fruitlessly, that, later on, would have burned you to remember."
Anne looked at Emma and saw, for the first time, the woman within the servant.
"Yes," she said. "It would." And her mind took a sideways skip and she thought — At least I have done nothing to be ashamed of. So few minutes before she had been regretting that on those warm, rose-scented evenings she had withstood the demand of Harry's urgent lips and hands, and of her own newly wakened, clamorous senses. Now she was glad. It was humiliating enough to be cast off as she had been; to have been abandoned after...Yes, that too would have burned her to remember.
The rest of what Emma had said slid through her mind almost unremarked. She had seen the King often enough; huge and handsome, in every way just a little more than life-size; the most powerful monarch in the world, the best knight in a tourney, the most skillful handler of the lute, the best — or almost the best — maker of songs. There was no visible sign of the Queen having lost infl uence over him, but possibly Emma knew best about that. She herself had been too much engrossed in her own love affair to give much heed to other people.
She thought — Fourteen years; if Harry and I had been allowed to marry, would our marriage have been outworn in fourteen years? It seemed impossible to imagine, as impossible as imagining snow and ice on the hottest summer day. No. Ours would have lasted, because it was a love match. The King and Queen had been thrust together by an arranged marriage, just as Harry and Mary Talbot were being thrust together.
And so, here she was, thinking the same thoughts, over and over, driving herself mad. It was as though her mind had been locked in a little stone cell, without door or window, and with nothing to do except go round and round.
She lifted the cup and drank, forgetting for once to be careful of something the concealing of which had become almost second nature; and suddenly she was aware that Emma was regarding it. Instead of whisking it away out of sight as she always did on those rare occasions when she had exposed it, she spread it out against the firelight; her slender, long-fingered left hand with its hateful deformity. Growing out from the little finger, near the nail, was another tiny fingertip.
"Yes," she said, "you see aright. And you should cross yourself, Emma. People do, if they glimpse it. They call it a witch mark."
"I'm not superstitious," Emma said. As soon as the words were spoken she wished them back, or wished that they hadn't sounded so abrupt and fi nal. She had cultivated that way of speech; the fewest words, the least revealing, but she shouldn't just at this moment have clipped a subject off so short. While the girl talked she wasn't brooding; and she should have kept her talking until supper came; then maybe she would have eaten with some appetite.
With an obvious air of beginning again, she said, "It's always seemed to me that if those who're called witches could do a half of what they're said to do, they could do more for themselves. But they're always poor and ugly and old, and if their neighbors turn against them, they let themselves be taken and ducked, or swum, or pricked, as helpless as sheep."
"You speak as though you had known a number."
"There's one in every village, and I had country jobs until about eleven years ago. In the country, until a cow dies or somebody has a bad accident, people take the whole business as natural. In fact country children play at being witches the same way they play at being married and keeping house."
"Do they? I was a country child, too. I lived here, most of the time, after my mother died; but I hardly ever played games. I had a governess, a Frenchwoman, named Simonette, and with her it was lessons, lessons all the time. She was a very serious woman. I've been grateful to her, since. In France it made things easier for me, and once, when the other English maids of honor were sent home, I was allowed to stay because, speaking both tongues, I was useful."
Was that good or bad? If I'd come home sooner I might not have met Harry at all; or I might have met him sooner and perhaps the Cardinal might not have noticed...All her past life, back to the lessons with Simonette, seemed like a path leading straight to this stony cell out of which she could not break, where her thoughts went round and round. She made another effort.
"Did you ever play at being a witch, Emma?"
"Well, I never had much time for play, either. My father had a little farm then and my mother was always busy and wanted all the help she could get. And even when there was time..." Emma heard herself making this confi dential statement with some surprise, for it was something that she had always kept to herself, for you never knew who might listen and play a trick that they might think funny but which would be too loathsome to contemplate..."I never could abide frogs or toads," she said. "So I never could play properly. But I have gone so far as to give our yard dog a secret name, "Owd Scrat" I used to call him, when we were alone; and I've well-wished people with a bit of cherry blossom, and I've pricked more than one name on a laurel leaf with a thorn. And nobody a bit the better or worse and the dog no more heedful of me, in fact less than he was of my father who called him "Nip" and lammed into him if he didn't do what he was bid."
Round and round inside the small stony cell; this time, if I were a witch, or even playing at being one, I know what I'd wish, good and ill. God's life, if I could just have power for five minutes...
You see, she said, addressing herself, there is no escape; your thoughts always come back to the same point, as a mariner's compass always comes back to the North. I can't even sit and talk about my serving woman's childhood games without relating them to me and my situation.
She made another attempt to break through.
"You say you've pricked names on laurel leaves, Emma. How? Could you write when you were young?"
"Not then. I've learned since. Maybe," the slow, dry self-derogatory humor of her breed brought a smile to Emma's craggy face. "Maybe that's why nobody was ever the worse for our pranks. We just named the leaf and pricked along the veins, and then kept it next our skin till it was cooked, as we called it. When it was cooked all the prick-holes were brown. Then we buried it and said, "Within nine days, as this leaf rots, so will you," and we said the name of the person we meant. Once, I remember, we did it to try to get our own back on a man who'd closed a footpath and made us trudge all the way round, another two miles, to get to church."
"And what happened to him?"
"He was knighted," Emma said, and the smile showed again. "And if that wouldn't cure you of being superstitious, what would. Young children at one end, old women in second childhood at the other; and that, mistress, to my mind, is all it is."
But the truth was that Emma Arnett's lack of superstition, like her tendency to silence, her sense of responsibility, and the unspoken disapproval of which Lady Lucia Bryant had been aware, stemmed from causes far removed from childish games. Emma's fi rst job in London had been as nursemaid to a family named Hunne. Richard Hunne was a prosperous merchant tailor who, because of his dealings with the Netherlands, where new ideas were rife, was what a hundred years earlier would have been called a Lollard. He was anticlerical; he read the New Testament. He was "a new man" of a very different kind from Thomas Wolsey and Thomas Boleyn and hundreds of others, who were new where their own importance was concerned, and everywhere else strongly conservative. Amongst his other advanced ideas, Richard Hunne held that in an ideal society everyone should be capable of reading the Bible; and fi nding, in his new nurse-girl, a woman of some intelligence, who admitted to a desire to read and write, he had taken pains to teach her. Before Emma's studies were very far advanced, the child whose birth had been her occasion for joining the household had died, and over his funeral his father had decided to make what he called "a test case." The offi ciating priest had claimed the coffi n cover, a good one, worth four shillings, and Richard Hunne, to whom the value of the cover meant less than nothing, had refused to give it up. It was, he said, just one more example of how priests acted as extortioners; in this case the cover didn't matter, but what of a poor family, where a dead child might be wrapped in the best, perhaps the only, blanket, or a cloak?
There'd been a lot of fuss and argument, some of which ordinary people like Emma could understand, some of which was far beyond their comprehension. The priest had sued Master Hunne and then Master Hunne had turned about and claimed that the priest, in suing him, had been acting for a foreign power — to wit, the Pope of Rome. The word "praemunire" had been tossed about. But Richard Hunne had been taken off to jail, and there found hanged. It was said that he had committed suicide because he feared trial for heresy. That, no one believed; he had gone out of his way to invite trial; and the most sinister feature of the case was that the jailer had run away as soon as he knew that there was to be an inquest. A great many people, and especially, of course, his family, believed that Richard Hunne had been murdered, was a martyr.
Emma Arnett, busy with her upward climb, had entered the Bryant household, and was, within a year, to achieve her ambition of being personal maid to a great lady. But she had never forgotten Master Hunne, or his teachings, not just the mastering of the reading and writing, but his general attitude toward things. When she said, "I'm not superstitious," she meant a great deal more than that she could regard a deformed little finger without horror; she meant that she did not believe that at Walsingham one could see the milk of the Virgin Mary, still liquid after more than fi fteen hundred years, or that at Canterbury St. Thomas's bones still had shreds of bleeding flesh attached to them, or that you could go to the tomb of St. Edmund at St. Edmundsbury and in return for a sizable gift be cured of the lame leg or crooked back which had hitherto crippled you. Master Hunne had denounced all this as nonsense; and she, without knowing it, had already been in a state of mind open to conversion. There were in England many thousands like her, sound, hard, practical people who felt that something had gone wrong; who could, however obscurely, sense the gulf between Jesus of Nazareth who had owned nothing, whose only mount had been an unbroken donkey, and His self-styled heirs and servants; Thomas Wolsey for example, who rode like a prince, who, though professedly celibate, had a son and a daughter, at whose table every day nine hundred idle or sycophantic personsb ate their fill.
Anne said, "Nonsense it may be, but everyone isn't sensible, and they look askance at me if they see my finger. That is why my gowns are made with trailing sleeves, which several ladies, I have noted, are beginning to copy."
She spoke from the surface of her mind for Emma's last words had set something astir. Young children at one end, old women at the other, playing...but suppose someone in neither category, someone in the prime of life, someone actuated by the deepest hatred, someone who bore not merely one but two of the supposed signs...She touched with a fi nger of her right hand the heavy gold and enamel necklet which hid the dark, protuberant mole on her neck. Suppose...
Of course, it was all nonsense, and the idea that she could injure the Cardinal in any way, by means natural or supernatural, was really as absurd as the idea that she could destroy his great palace of York House with her embroidery tools. Quite, quite absurd but wonderful to think about. It was as though a ray of light had been let into the little stone prison where her thoughts went round and round; a sinister light, concentrated upon a laurel leaf upon whose glossy green surface the brown-edged holes spelled out the name of Thomas Wolsey.
Copyright © 1963 by Norah Lofts Copyright renewed © 1991 by Geoffrey Saint Edmond and Clive Lofts
Table of Contents
I Blickling Hall, Norfolk OCTOBER 1523
II York House OCTOBER 1523
III Hever OCTOBER 1523
IV Blickling Hall JANUARY 7th, 1524
V Hever JUNE 1524
VI The Castle of San Angelo, Rome MAY 1527
VII Greenwich JUNE 1527
VIII Hever JUNE 1527
IX Edenbridge JUNE 1527
X The King's Highway JUNE 1528
XI Greenwich JUNE 1528
XII Suffolk House OCTOBER 22nd, 1528
XIII Blackfriars JUNE 18th-JULY 23rd, 1529
XIV Suffolk House JULY 1529
XV Grafton SEPTEMBER 14th, 1529
XVI Grafton SEPTEMBER 14th, 1529, EVENING XVII Grafton SEPTEMBER 15th, 1529
XVIII Cawood NOVEMBER 1530
XIX Greenwich 1531
XX Hampton Court AUGUST 1532
XXI Windsor SEPTEMBER 1st, 1532
XXII The More SEPTEMBER XXIII Whitehall JANUARY 1533
XXIV Whitehall JANUARY 25th, 1533
XXV Ampthill APRIL 1533
XXVI London MAY 1533
XXVII Greenwich SEPTEMBER 7th, 1533
XXVIII Kimbolton Castle JULY 1534
XXIX Whitehall DECEMBER 1534
XXX Windsor JULY 1535
XXXI Greenwich JULY 1535
XXXII Greenwich SEPTEMBER 1535
XXXIII Greenwich SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 1535
XXXIV Kimbolton Castle JANUARY 4th-7th, 1536
XXXV Greenwich JANUARY 1536
XXXVI Stepney MAY 1st, 1536
XXXVII Whitehall MAY 1st, 1536
XXXVIII The Tower MAY 2nd, 1536
XXXIX Westminster MAY 10th, 1536
XL Newington Green MAY 13th, 1536
XLI The Tower MAY 15th, 1536
XLII Lambeth MAY 17th, 1536
Whitehall, Greenwich, Richmond, Hampton Court, Windsor May 17th 1536XLIII The Tower MAY 17th, 1536
The Tower MAY 18th, 1536XLIV The Tower MAY 18th, 1536
XLV The Tower MAY 19th, 1536
XLVI Richmond MAY 19th, 1536
XLVII Hever MAY 19th, 1536
XLVIII Staines MAY 19th, 1536
XLIX The Tower MAY 19th, 1536
Reading Group Guide
Introduction
There she was; sixteen years old, with no advantages whatsoever; the Cinderella of the Queen's ladies, and, it seemed, about to turn the fairytale into real life."
In Tudor England, advisers to Henry VIII put a stop to the youthful love affair of Anne Boleyn and nobleman Harry Percy at the King's request. The lady-in-waiting has caught the monarch's eye, and when Anne realizes his intent, her entire world shifts. She leads the King on a merry chase for more than a decade, holding on to her chastity and keeping his attention fixed. And when the already-wed King promises Anne the ultimate reward — the Queen's crown — it shakes the very foundation of the country and seals her fate.
Set amid the splendor and intrigue of the sixteenth-century English court, The Concubine is a fascinating portrayal of the rise and fall of Anne Boleyn — and the personal, political, and religious forces of the time that helped shape her tragic destiny.
Discussion Questions
1. "People began to say that there must be more in the thin, sallow, sloe-eyed little girl than appeared on the surface. What was it? Nobody could say. It was a mystery." Why are there such confl icting opinions about Anne Boleyn's beauty and charm? What is it that fi rst attracts King Henry VIII to Anne? And what subsequently keeps his infatuation going strong for so many years?
2. How does Anne initially view Henry, and what are her feelings toward him both as a man and as the King? In what ways does she change throughout their courtship and marriage?
3. Henry sought to annul his marriage to Catherine because, he claimed, "I've lived in sin, with my brother's wife, these fourteen years." Is the King's conscience truly a motivating factor in his decision to dissolve the marriage, or are there other reasons why he wishes to do it?
4. For years Anne refused to become Henry's mistress. Why then does she consummate their relationship before they are married? How is this event a turning point in Henry's infatuation with Anne?
5. How do political and religious factors come into play in determining the outcome for Anne? In what ways is she used as a pawn by others, from the King and her family to the Vatican and even her maid, Emma Arnett?
6. Anne's sister, Mary, advises her not to become involved with Henry, telling her, "He's dangerous....Half of him is just a simple, lighthearted boy, greedy and selfi sh as boys are, but there's another side, dark and ugly, like the Devil." Why does Anne not heed Mary's warning?
7. After Anne suffers a miscarriage, she is reluctant to tell the King and devises a way to secretly become pregnant by another man. Are Anne's actions at all justifiable? Why or why not?
8. Discuss the accusations against Anne and the means by which the King and his advisers "prove" the charges. Why does no one at her trial, not even Harry Percy, speak out in her defense? Furthermore, why do the noblemen who comprise the jury never question the fact that the evidence against Anne is highly dubious?
9. How much was Anne an architect of her own fate? What could she have done — or done differently — that might have changed things for her?
10. Even on her deathbed Catherine "looked upon [Henry] as a fellow victim," believing that "he was easily led, he had been badly advised, he had fallen prey to an evil woman." Why does Catherine continually refuse to hold Henry accountable for the actions he took against her and instead assign all the blame on Anne?
11. After the verdict against Anne is rendered, Margaret Lee implores her to write to Henry and "beg for mercy." Why does Anne refuse to do this? Given what you know of Henry, do you believe he would have relented? Why or why not?
12. Chapter XLV begins with excerpts from two letters, one in which the Spanish Ambassador writes: "No person ever showed greater willingness to die"; and one by Sir William Kingston stating: "This lady had much joy and pleasure in death." What truth is there in their observations? Why does Anne herself admit, "But for the actual doing, I shall be almost glad to die"? What is Anne's state of mind in the days and hours leading to her execution?
13. Before she is executed Anne addresses the spectators, saying, "In days to come I shall be remembered as one of the wickedest women that ever lived. Henry must justify himself and to do that he will see that my so-called sins are remembered." What did you know about Anne Boleyn prior to reading The Concubine? What is your opinion of the way in which Norah Lofts presents the controversial Queen?
14. Discuss the roles of women in the sixteenth century as portrayed in The Concubine, using the circumstances of Catherine, Anne, Mary, Lady Bo, and Emma as examples. Is there one character in particular with whom you empathized? If so, which one and why?
Enhance Your Book Club
- To learn more about Henry VIII, his wives, and everyday life in Tudor England, visit www.tudorhistory.org.
- Set the tone for your discussion with a CD such as Great Music from the Court of Henry VIII or Music for the Six Wives of Henry VIII, both available at www.tudorshoppe.com.
- Visit www.joyof baking.com/EnglishTeaParty.html for a collection of English Tea Party recipes such as scones filled with jam and Devonshire cream. There are also tips for preparing and serving tea.
- Test your knowledge about Tudor England with the quizzes at www.englishhistory.net/tudor.html, including one about Anne Boleyn.
Introduction
Introduction
There she was; sixteen years old, with no advantages whatsoever; the Cinderella of the Queen's ladies, and, it seemed, about to turn the fairytale into real life."
In Tudor England, advisers to Henry VIII put a stop to the youthful love affair of Anne Boleyn and nobleman Harry Percy at the King's request. The lady-in-waiting has caught the monarch's eye, and when Anne realizes his intent, her entire world shifts. She leads the King on a merry chase for more than a decade, holding on to her chastity and keeping his attention fixed. And when the already-wed King promises Anne the ultimate reward — the Queen's crown — it shakes the very foundation of the country and seals her fate.
Set amid the splendor and intrigue of the sixteenth-century English court, The Concubine is a fascinating portrayal of the rise and fall of Anne Boleyn — and the personal, political, and religious forces of the time that helped shape her tragic destiny.
Discussion Questions
1. "People began to say that there must be more in the thin, sallow, sloe-eyed little girl than appeared on the surface. What was it? Nobody could say. It was a mystery." Why are there such confl icting opinions about Anne Boleyn's beauty and charm? What is it that fi rst attracts King Henry VIII to Anne? And what subsequently keeps his infatuation going strong for so many years?
2. How does Anne initially view Henry, and what are her feelings toward him both as a man and as the King? In what ways does she change throughout their courtship and marriage?
3. Henry sought to annul his marriage to Catherine because, he claimed, "I've lived in sin, with my brother'swife, these fourteen years." Is the King's conscience truly a motivating factor in his decision to dissolve the marriage, or are there other reasons why he wishes to do it?
4. For years Anne refused to become Henry's mistress. Why then does she consummate their relationship before they are married? How is this event a turning point in Henry's infatuation with Anne?
5. How do political and religious factors come into play in determining the outcome for Anne? In what ways is she used as a pawn by others, from the King and her family to the Vatican and even her maid, Emma Arnett?
6. Anne's sister, Mary, advises her not to become involved with Henry, telling her, "He's dangerous....Half of him is just a simple, lighthearted boy, greedy and selfi sh as boys are, but there's another side, dark and ugly, like the Devil." Why does Anne not heed Mary's warning?
7. After Anne suffers a miscarriage, she is reluctant to tell the King and devises a way to secretly become pregnant by another man. Are Anne's actions at all justifiable? Why or why not?
8. Discuss the accusations against Anne and the means by which the King and his advisers "prove" the charges. Why does no one at her trial, not even Harry Percy, speak out in her defense? Furthermore, why do the noblemen who comprise the jury never question the fact that the evidence against Anne is highly dubious?
9. How much was Anne an architect of her own fate? What could she have done — or done differently — that might have changed things for her?
10. Even on her deathbed Catherine "looked upon [Henry] as a fellow victim," believing that "he was easily led, he had been badly advised, he had fallen prey to an evil woman." Why does Catherine continually refuse to hold Henry accountable for the actions he took against her and instead assign all the blame on Anne?
11. After the verdict against Anne is rendered, Margaret Lee implores her to write to Henry and "beg for mercy." Why does Anne refuse to do this? Given what you know of Henry, do you believe he would have relented? Why or why not?
12. Chapter XLV begins with excerpts from two letters, one in which the Spanish Ambassador writes: "No person ever showed greater willingness to die"; and one by Sir William Kingston stating: "This lady had much joy and pleasure in death." What truth is there in their observations? Why does Anne herself admit, "But for the actual doing, I shall be almost glad to die"? What is Anne's state of mind in the days and hours leading to her execution?
13. Before she is executed Anne addresses the spectators, saying, "In days to come I shall be remembered as one of the wickedest women that ever lived. Henry must justify himself and to do that he will see that my so-called sins are remembered." What did you know about Anne Boleyn prior to reading The Concubine? What is your opinion of the way in which Norah Lofts presents the controversial Queen?
14. Discuss the roles of women in the sixteenth century as portrayed in The Concubine, using the circumstances of Catherine, Anne, Mary, Lady Bo, and Emma as examples. Is there one character in particular with whom you empathized? If so, which one and why?
Enhance Your Book Club
- To learn more about Henry VIII, his wives, and everyday life in Tudor England, visit www.tudorhistory.org.
- Set the tone for your discussion with a CD such as Great Music from the Court of Henry VIII or Music for the Six Wives of Henry VIII, both available at www.tudorshoppe.com.
- Visit www.joyof baking.com/EnglishTeaParty.html for a collection of English Tea Party recipes such as scones filled with jam and Devonshire cream. There are also tips for preparing and serving tea.
- Test your knowledge about Tudor England with the quizzes at www.englishhistory.net/tudor.html, including one about Anne Boleyn.