Table of Contents
Foreword v
Preface vii
A Note about the Translations xi
List of Maps and Illustrations xvii
Part 1 Introduction: Connecting Congo and the World 1
Congo: Place and Peoples 1
The New Imperialism and the Founding of the Congo Free State 6
Deadly Taxation 12
The Congo Reform Campaign 18
The Belgian Congo 22
Conclusion 24
Part 2 The Documents 27
1 David Livingstone, Lecture at the University of Cambridge, December 4, 1857 29
2 King Leopold II, Speech at the First Meeting of the Belgian Committee of the International Association for the Exploration and Civilization of Central Africa, November 6, 1876 32
3 Treaty of Manyanga, August 12, 1882 34
4 Harry Johnston, From The River Congo, 1884 36
5 General Act of the Conference of Berlin, Articles V, VI, IX, and XIII, 1885 38
6 Walter Deane, Account of the Destruction of the Congo Free State's Station at Stanley Falls in an Attack by Zanzibari Slave Traders, 1886 41
7 Tippu Tip, From Autobiography 44
8 Cardinal Charles Lavigerle, Speech at a Meeting of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, July 31, 1888 47
9 Chewema, Statement to a British Consular Official, March 19, 1903 52
10 John and Johan, Statement to a British Consular Official, March 19, 1903 54
11 Antoine Boongo, Oral History regarding the Arrival of European Officers and Missionaries at Wangata in the Equateur District, ca. 1883-1896 55
12 Balofo Is'a Mboyo and Ekombe Is'ek'Ombola, Oral History regarding the Arrival of Whites at Ikau in the Equateur District, ca. 1889-1896 59
13 Bruno Hafala, Oral History regarding Events on the Maringa River in the Equateur District, ca. 1899-1901 63
14 Nicolas Afolembe, Oral History regarding Conditions in the Equateur District, ca. 1885-1908 66
15 The Reverend John Murphy, Testimony, November 18, 1895 70
16 The Reverend E. V. Sjöblom, Testimony, May 14, 1897 74
17 Governor-General Théophile Wahis, Letter to the Editor, May 31, 1897 77
18 Circular to All District Commissioners, Heads of Zones and of Posts [of the Congo Free State], with Regard to Barbarous Customs Prevailing among the Native Tribes, February 27, 1897 83
19 Federation for the Defense of Belgian Interests Abroad, Taxation of the Natives, February 15, 1905 85
20 John Hobson, From Imperialism: A Study, 1902 89
21 Edmund Morel, From Affairs of West Africa, 1902 94
22 Roger Casement, Consular Report on the Congo Free State to the British Foreign Secretary, February 1904 98
23 Atrocity Photograph of Epondo, ca. 1903 108
24 Punch, In the Rubber Coils, November 28, 1906 110
25 The Congo: A Report of the Commission of Enquiry Appointed by the Congo Free State Government, October 31, 1905 112
26 Belgian Parliament, Debates on the Congo Free State, February-March 1906 124
27 The Reverend John Harris, Letter to W.T. Lamont, His Britannic Majesty's Consul at Boma, January 16, 1912 133
Appendixes
A Chronology of Congo and the Congo Free State (1860-1914) 137
Questions for Consideration 140
Selected Bibliography 141
Index 145
