The Development of the Larval Pigment Patterns in Triturus alpestris and Ambystoma mexicanum

by Hans-Henning Epperlein, Jan Löfberg

Overview

In the animal world, pigments and colour pigment patterns play an important role. Pigments in the epidermis offer protection against solar radiation, and the various colour patterns provide the animals with concealment, advertisement and disguise (Cott 1940). The study of pigment cells and colour patterns is a multidisciplinary research field which includes developmental biology (determination, differenti­ ation, migration), genetics (phenotypic gene expression, colour mutants), cell biology (ultrastructure, organelles, cell surface), biochemistry (enzymes, metabo­ lism), physiology (control of colour changes) and dermatology, as well as ecology and evolution. In the present study we investigate the development of two different amphibian larval pigment patterns. These patterns might serve as specific models for the arrangement of cells derived from the neural crest (NC), involving their migration, differentiation and interaction with each other and the embryonic environment. Because of the NC origin of pigment cells, we consider first some general aspects of NC development, before turning to pigment cells and specific problems in pigment pattern formation. The NC arises during neurulation, an early process in vertebrate embryoge­ nesis. In amphibians, the crest lies on top of the neural tube as a flat epithelial sheet or strand of cells (Detwiler 1937; Schroeder 1970; L6fberg and Ahlfors 1978; Spieth and Keller 1984). Here the term 'crest' is much more appropriate than in birds or mammals (Newgreen and Erickson 1986), where the crest cells start to migrate before a true crest has formed.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783540516729
Publisher:	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publication date:	05/04/1990
Series:	Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology , #118
Edition description:	1989
Pages:	101
Product dimensions:	6.69(w) x 9.53(h) x 0.01(d)

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 2 Materials and Methods.- 2.1 Embryos.- 2.2 Light Microscopy.- 2.3 Videomicrography.- 2.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy.- 2.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy.- 2.6 Dopa Reaction.- 2.7 Pterin Fluorescence.- 2.8 Staining with Alcian Blue.- 2.9 Immunohishemistry.- 2.10 Developmental Prools.- 2.11 Embryological Experiments.- 2.12 Tissue Culture.- 3 Results.- 3.1 Fundamental Premises.- 3.2 Development of the Longitudinal Stripe Pattern in Triturus alpestris.- 3.3 Development of the Barred Pigment Pattern in Ambystoma mexicanum.- 3.4 Analysis of Factors and Mechanisms Governing Pigment Pattern Formation in Triturus alpestris.- 3.5 Analysis of Factors and Mechanisms Governing Pigment Pattern Formation in Ambystoma mexicanum.- 4 Discussion.- 4.1 Dopa Reaction and Pterin Fluorescence: Criticism of the Methods.- 4.2 Organization of the Neural Crest and Early Dispersion of Pigment Cells.- 4.3 Arrangement of Pigment Cells in the Trunk.- 4.4 Comparison of the Development of the Larval Pigment Pattern in Triturus alpestris and Ambystoma mexicanum.- 4.5 Conclusion and Perspectives.- 5 Summary.- Acknowledgements.- References.