The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth
The evolution of the Boston metropolitan area, from country villages and streetcar suburbs to exurban sprawl and “smart growth.”

Boston's metropolitan landscape has been two hundred years in the making. From its proto-suburban village centers of 1800 to its far-flung, automobile-centric exurbs of today, Boston has been a national pacesetter for suburbanization. In The Hub's Metropolis, James O'Connell charts the evolution of Boston's suburban development.
The city of Boston is compact and consolidated—famously, “the Hub.” Greater Boston, however, stretches over 1,736 square miles and ranks as the world's sixth largest metropolitan area. Boston suburbs began to develop after 1820, when wealthy city dwellers built country estates that were just a short carriage ride away from their homes in the city. Then, as transportation became more efficient and affordable, the map of the suburbs expanded. The Metropolitan Park Commission's park-and-parkway system, developed in the 1890s, created a template for suburbanization that represents the country's first example of regional planning.
O'Connell identifies nine layers of Boston's suburban development, each of which has left its imprint on the landscape: traditional villages; country retreats; railroad suburbs; streetcar suburbs (the first electric streetcar boulevard, Beacon Street in Brookline, was designed by Frederic Law Olmsted); parkway suburbs, which emphasized public greenspace but also encouraged commuting by automobile; mill towns, with housing for workers; upscale and middle-class suburbs accessible by outer-belt highways like Route 128; exurban, McMansion-dotted sprawl; and smart growth. Still a pacesetter, Greater Boston has pioneered antisprawl initiatives that encourage compact, mixed-use development in existing neighborhoods near railroad and transit stations.
O'Connell reminds us that these nine layers of suburban infrastructure are still woven into the fabric of the metropolis. Each chapter suggests sites to visit, from Waltham country estates to Cambridge triple-deckers.
1113999480
The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth
The evolution of the Boston metropolitan area, from country villages and streetcar suburbs to exurban sprawl and “smart growth.”

Boston's metropolitan landscape has been two hundred years in the making. From its proto-suburban village centers of 1800 to its far-flung, automobile-centric exurbs of today, Boston has been a national pacesetter for suburbanization. In The Hub's Metropolis, James O'Connell charts the evolution of Boston's suburban development.
The city of Boston is compact and consolidated—famously, “the Hub.” Greater Boston, however, stretches over 1,736 square miles and ranks as the world's sixth largest metropolitan area. Boston suburbs began to develop after 1820, when wealthy city dwellers built country estates that were just a short carriage ride away from their homes in the city. Then, as transportation became more efficient and affordable, the map of the suburbs expanded. The Metropolitan Park Commission's park-and-parkway system, developed in the 1890s, created a template for suburbanization that represents the country's first example of regional planning.
O'Connell identifies nine layers of Boston's suburban development, each of which has left its imprint on the landscape: traditional villages; country retreats; railroad suburbs; streetcar suburbs (the first electric streetcar boulevard, Beacon Street in Brookline, was designed by Frederic Law Olmsted); parkway suburbs, which emphasized public greenspace but also encouraged commuting by automobile; mill towns, with housing for workers; upscale and middle-class suburbs accessible by outer-belt highways like Route 128; exurban, McMansion-dotted sprawl; and smart growth. Still a pacesetter, Greater Boston has pioneered antisprawl initiatives that encourage compact, mixed-use development in existing neighborhoods near railroad and transit stations.
O'Connell reminds us that these nine layers of suburban infrastructure are still woven into the fabric of the metropolis. Each chapter suggests sites to visit, from Waltham country estates to Cambridge triple-deckers.
40.0 In Stock
The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth

The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth

The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth

The Hub's Metropolis: Greater Boston's Development from Railroad Suburbs to Smart Growth

Paperback

$40.00 
  • SHIP THIS ITEM
    In stock. Ships in 1-2 days.
  • PICK UP IN STORE

    Your local store may have stock of this item.

Related collections and offers


Overview

The evolution of the Boston metropolitan area, from country villages and streetcar suburbs to exurban sprawl and “smart growth.”

Boston's metropolitan landscape has been two hundred years in the making. From its proto-suburban village centers of 1800 to its far-flung, automobile-centric exurbs of today, Boston has been a national pacesetter for suburbanization. In The Hub's Metropolis, James O'Connell charts the evolution of Boston's suburban development.
The city of Boston is compact and consolidated—famously, “the Hub.” Greater Boston, however, stretches over 1,736 square miles and ranks as the world's sixth largest metropolitan area. Boston suburbs began to develop after 1820, when wealthy city dwellers built country estates that were just a short carriage ride away from their homes in the city. Then, as transportation became more efficient and affordable, the map of the suburbs expanded. The Metropolitan Park Commission's park-and-parkway system, developed in the 1890s, created a template for suburbanization that represents the country's first example of regional planning.
O'Connell identifies nine layers of Boston's suburban development, each of which has left its imprint on the landscape: traditional villages; country retreats; railroad suburbs; streetcar suburbs (the first electric streetcar boulevard, Beacon Street in Brookline, was designed by Frederic Law Olmsted); parkway suburbs, which emphasized public greenspace but also encouraged commuting by automobile; mill towns, with housing for workers; upscale and middle-class suburbs accessible by outer-belt highways like Route 128; exurban, McMansion-dotted sprawl; and smart growth. Still a pacesetter, Greater Boston has pioneered antisprawl initiatives that encourage compact, mixed-use development in existing neighborhoods near railroad and transit stations.
O'Connell reminds us that these nine layers of suburban infrastructure are still woven into the fabric of the metropolis. Each chapter suggests sites to visit, from Waltham country estates to Cambridge triple-deckers.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780262545860
Publisher: MIT Press
Publication date: 06/07/2022
Pages: 344
Product dimensions: 7.00(w) x 9.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

James C. O'Connell is a Planner at the National Park Service, Northeast Region, in Boston. He is the author of Becoming Cape Cod: Creating a Seaside Resort.

Table of Contents

Preface ix

Acknowledgments xiii

1 Metropolitan Boston's Layers of Development 1

2 Prelude to Suburbia: Traditional Village Centers and Proto-Suburbs (1800-1860) 11

Exploring Traditional Village Centers and Early Suburbs 15

3 Country Retreats (1820-1920) 17

Escaping to the Country 17

The Design of Country Villas 23

Weston and Lincoln: Communities of Country Seats 25

From Summer Resorts to Suburbs: North Shore, South Shore, and Countryside 31

Exploring Country Retreats 37

4 Railroad Suburbs (1840-1920) 41

The First Commuters 41

Frederick Law Olmsted and the Suburban Ideal 50

Victorian Houses in the Suburban Setting 55

Railroad Suburbs Come of Age 59

Concord: A Satellite, Not a Suburb 63

Exploring Railroad Suburbs 64

5 Streetcar Suburbs (1870-1930) 69

The City Spreads Out 69

Development Impacts in Brookline and Beyond 74

The Zone of Emergence and the Three-Decker 79

Streetcar-Driven Growth in Cambridge, Belmont, and Arlington 82

Controlling Growth 84

Exploring Streetcar Suburbs 86

6 Metropolitan Parkway Suburbs (1895-1945) 89

Origins of the Metropolitan Park-and-Parkway System 89

Debate over Regionalization 97

Parkways Shape the Suburban Landscape 99

Country Clubs: Social Stratification in the Suburban Landscape 103

Suburbs in the 1920s and 1930s 107

The Suburban House Becomes "Comfortable" 109

Exploring Metropolitan Parks and Parkways 112

7 Suburban Mill Towns (1820-2012) 115

Boston's Industrial Suburbs 115

Company Towns 120

From Mill Towns to Suburbs 125

New Uses for Old Factories 130

Exploring Industrial Sites 133

8 Postwar Automobile Suburbs (1945-1970) 135

Pent-up Suburban Exodus 135

Living the American Dream 140

Route 128 and the Technology Boom 148

Birth of the Shopping Center 156

From "Stringtowns" to "Strips" 160

Shaping the Postwar Suburban Landscape 164

The Role of Zoning and Land Conservation 170

Exploring Post-World War II Suburbs 175

9 Boston Redefines the Center City (1945-2012) 181

Urban Decline 181

Urban Renewal 185

"World-Class City" 191

Exploring Redevelopment in Boston and Cambridge 198

10 Interstates, Exurbs, and Sprawl (1970-2012) 201

Edge Cities 201

The Interstate-495 Landscape 206

McMansions on the Suburban Frontier 210

Retailing and "Category Killers" 213

Metropolis Edges into Southern New Hampshire 217

The Spread of Exurbia 219

Exploring Exurbia and Sprawl 222

11 The Smart Growth Era (1990-2012) 225

Dukakis Takes on Sprawl 225

Grappling with "Buildout" 229

Reinvigoration of Public Transit and Compact Development 234

Smart Growth and NIMBYism 244

Exploring Smart Growth Development 249

12 Postscript: The Coming Era 253

The Digital Revolution and Metropolitan Development 253

Coping with Climate Change and Expensive Oil 255

Exploring the Metropolitan Landscape: Recommended Sites by Community 261

Notes 269

Index 295

What People are Saying About This

Anthony Flint

A riveting history of one of the nation's most livable places—and a roadmap for how to keep it that way. James O'Connell's wealth of knowledge about Greater Boston makes him the perfect guide for understanding this extraordinary metropolitan region, from celebrated urbanism to pastoral retreat.

Marc Draisen

James O'Connell's comprehensive overview of sprawl and development in Metropolitan Boston over the past two centuries puts into context the significance and timeliness of smart growth and transit-oriented development in the region. He provides interesting examples of how sustainable growth could strengthen our region's economic competitiveness, improve social equity, and address impacts of climate change.

Endorsement

James O'Connell's comprehensive overview of sprawl and development in Metropolitan Boston over the past two centuries puts into context the significance and timeliness of smart growth and transit-oriented development in the region. He provides interesting examples of how sustainable growth could strengthen our region's economic competitiveness, improve social equity, and address impacts of climate change.

Marc Draisen, Executive Director, Metropolitan Area Planning Council

From the Publisher

A riveting history of one of the nation's most livable places—and a roadmap for how to keep it that way. James O'Connell's wealth of knowledge about Greater Boston makes him the perfect guide for understanding this extraordinary metropolitan region, from celebrated urbanism to pastoral retreat.

Anthony Flint, Fellow, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, author of the award-winning Wrestling with Moses: How Jane Jacobs Took on New York's Master Builder and Transformed the American City and This Land: The Battle over Sprawl and the Future of America; coeditor of Smart Growth Policies: An Evaluation of Programs and Outcomes

This book is a welcome addition to the venerable literature on patterns of suburban development around Boston. Comprehensive and readable, James O'Connell's account takes care to orient the reader in what is often a disorienting landscape. The lists of places to visit at the end of each chapter are a welcome innovation, making real connections between planning history and the world we move through every day.

Ethan Carr, author of Wilderness by Design and Mission 66: Modernism and the National Park Dilemma

James O'Connell's comprehensive overview of sprawl and development in Metropolitan Boston over the past two centuries puts into context the significance and timeliness of smart growth and transit-oriented development in the region. He provides interesting examples of how sustainable growth could strengthen our region's economic competitiveness, improve social equity, and address impacts of climate change.

Marc Draisen, Executive Director, Metropolitan Area Planning Council

Ethan Carr

This book is a welcome addition to the venerable literature on patterns of suburban development around Boston. Comprehensive and readable, James O'Connell's account takes care to orient the reader in what is often a disorienting landscape. The lists of places to visit at the end of each chapter are a welcome innovation, making real connections between planning history and the world we move through every day.

From the B&N Reads Blog

Customer Reviews