Ultrasonic Measurements and Technologies

by Stefan Kocis, Zdenko Figura

Overview

An impulse for writing this book has originated from the effort to sum­ marize and publicise the acquired results of a research team at the Department of Automation of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and In­ formatics, Slovak Technical University in Bratislava. The research team has been involved for a long time with control problems for machine production mechanisms and, in recent (approximately 15) years, its effort was aimed mostly at the control of electrical servosystems of robots. Within this scope, the members of the authors' staff solved the State Research Task Ultrasonic sensing of the position of a robot hand, which was coordinated by the Institute of Technical Cybernetics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava. The problem was solved in a complex way, i.e. from a conceptual de­ sign of the measurement, through the measurement and evaluation system, up to connection to the control system of a robot. Compensation of the atmospheric influence on the precision of measurement, as well as on the electroacoustical transducers, were important parts of the solution. The solution was aimed at using the ultrasonic pulse method which en­ ables the measurement of absolute 3D position coordinates, contrary to the relative position measurements by the incremental pick-ups which are standard robotic equipment.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461285090
Publisher:	Springer US
Publication date:	10/02/2011
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1996
Pages:	218
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.02(d)

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 2 Ultrasonic Waves.- 2.1 Propagation of ultrasound in solids. liquids and gases.- 2.2 Reflection and transmission of an ultrasonic wave.- 2.3 Refraction of ultrasonic waves.- 2.4 Attenuation of ultrasonic wave motion.- 2.5 Focusing of ultrasonic waves.- 2.6 Radiation of ultrasonic energy.- 2.7 References.- 3 Ultrasonic Transducers.- 3.1 Capacitive transducers.- 3.2 Piezoelectric transducers.- 3.3 Magnetostrictive transducers.- 3.4 Transducers operating with an electric discharge.- 3.5 References.- 4 Ultrasonic Digital Measuring Methods.- 4.1 Fundamental ultrasonic measuring methods.- 4.2 Distance and level measurement.- 4.3 Position measurement.- 4.4 Ultrasonic measurement of liquid flow velocity.- 4.5 Measuring the thickness of materials.- 4.6 Temperature and pressure measurement.- 4.7 References.- 5 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT).- 5.1 Basic principles of ultrasonic NDT.- 5.2 Ultrasonic methods in NDT.- 5.3 Special methods.- 5.4 Design and construction of NDT instrumentation.- 5.5 References.- 6 Measurement of Position and Air Flow By Pulse Methods.- 6.1 A pulse method of coordinate measurement using a reference transducer, positioned at the coordinate origin.- 6.2 Measuring air flow.- 6.3 Measurement of the position and flow with a single instrument.- 6.4 Measurement of wind velocity.- 6.5 References.- 7 Ultrasonic Instruments: Case Studies.- 7.1 Two-dimensional sensors for planar coordinates.- 7.2 Robot grip position tester.- 7.3 Instruments for measuring air flow.- 7.4 Ultrasonic measurement of thickness.- 7.5 Distance and level measurement.- 7.6 Ultrasonic flow gauges.- 7.7 Ultrasonic defectoscopy (NDT).- 7.8 References.

Editorial Reviews

...this is a very usefull book for the engineer new to ultrasound and even for the more experienced it represents a very valuable collection of technical data. - Measurement Science and Technology

From the Publisher