Understanding Gps Principles And Applications

by Elliott D. Kaplan

Overview

Here is your complete working engineer's guide to understanding and utilizing today's Global Positioning System, a satellite navigation system providing accurate, continuous, worldwide, three-dimensional position and velocity data. Fifteen expert authors familiarize you with all aspects of GPS, from the fundamentals and benefits of satellite navigation systems to future projections for GPS markets and applications in air, land, and marine navigation.

This is the first book to give you an in-depth description of GPS modern digital receiver operation, examining trade-off issues such as signal digitalization, carrier and code loop design, loop-aiding strategies and jamming effects on receiver performance. It also covers the following topics in detail:

• Differential GPS accuracy-enhancement techniques
• GPS integration with other navigational sensors
• The Russian GLONASS system
• The INMARSAT Geostationary Satellite Overlay

The book is a practical reference intended for today's working engineer, describing real-world issues such as how satellite geometry affects positioning accuracy and how to use various types of software to predict availability. Complete with 203 illustrations and 613 equations.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780890067932
Publisher:	Artech House, Incorporated
Publication date:	02/21/1996
Series:	Artech House Mobile Communications Series
Edition description:	Older Edition
Pages:	576
Product dimensions:	6.14(w) x 9.21(h) x 1.25(d)

About the Author

Elliott Kaplan is a senior member of the technical staff at MITRE Corporation, Bedford, MA. He earned his B.S.E.E. from the Polytechnic Institute of New York and his M.S.E.E. from Northeastern University.

Table of Contents

1: Introduction

Condensed GPS Program History

GPS Overview

GLONASS Augmentations

Applications

Organization of the Text

2: Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation

Concept of Ranging Using Time-of-Arrival Measurements

Reference Coordinate Systems

Fundamentals of Satellite Orbits

Position Determination Using Pseudorandom Noise

obtaining User Velocity

Position and Velocity Determination Using Kalman Filtering

Time and GPS

3: GPS System Segments

Overview of the GPS System

Space Segment Phased Development

4: GPS Satellite Signal Characteristics

GPS Signal Characteristics

5: Satellite Signal Acquisition and Tracking

GPS Signal Acquisition and Tracking

6: Effects of RF Interference on GPS Satellite Signal Receiver Tracking

Effects of RF Interference on Tracking

7: Performance of Standalone GPS

Error Sources, Measurement, Accuracy, and Estimates of User Position and Time

GPS Availability

GPS Integrity

8: Differential GPS

Code-Based Techniques

Carrier-Based Techniques

9: Integration of GPS With Other Sensors

GPS/Inertial Navigation

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

10: The Russian GLONASS System

Functional Description

Program Overview

Organizational Structure

Constellation and Orbit

Spacecraft Description

Ground Support

User Equipment

Reference Systems

GLONASS Signal Characteristics

System Accuracy

Future GLONASS Development

GLONASS Information Centers

11: INMARSAT Civil Navigation Satellite Overlay

Functional Description

The INMARSAT Organization

Program History

INMARSAT-3

WAAS Signal Specification

Utilization by Land and Maritime Users

Proposed Evolution to a Civil System

12: GPS Markets and Applications

GPS -- An Enabling Technology

Uses of GPS for Marine, Air, and Land Navigation

GPS in Surveying, Mapping, and Geographical Information Systems

Recreational Markets for GPS-Based Products

GPS Time Transfer

Differential Applications and Services

Military and Space Applications

Equipment Manufacturers and Segmentation

User Equipment Needs for Specific Markets

Financial Projections for the GPS Industry

Preface

This book is an outgrowth of a GPS course presented by several colleagues and myself that was developed for the Boston chapter of the IEEE in November 1993. Sometime during the length of the course, I was contacted by Artech House and asked if I and the other lecturers would be interested in "putting the vugraphs to words."

I wanted to form a multidisciplinary team of individuals whose expertise in relevant areas would provide a thorough treatment of key GPS aspects. My motivation for compiling this work was that a GPS book that addressed the needs of the engineering/scientific community did not exist. Information was available in the form of technical papers or texts specializing in survey applications; however, there was no single text available that provided the reader with a complete systems engineering treatment of the subject matter. In this edition, I have attempted to provide the necessary material to ensure a broad but comprehensive treatment of GPS. In addition to GPS, the Russian GLONASS system and forthcoming INMARSAT overlay are also covered.

The book has been structured such that a reader with a general science background can learn the basics of GPS and how it works within the first few chapters, whereas, the reader with a stronger engineering/scientific background will be able to delve deeper and benefit from the more in-depth technical material. I believe it is this "ramp up" of mathematical/technical complexity along with the treatment of key topics that will allow this publication to serve as a student text as well as a reference source.

While the book has generally been written for the engineering/scientific community, one full chapter is devoted to GPS markets and applications. This latter material is intended for sales and marketing personnel to forecast the multibillion dollar market associated with satellite navigation based products and services.

Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to the text while Chapter 2 presents the fundamentals of position, velocity, and time determination using GPS. A description of GPS system architecture is presented in Chapter 3. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 address satellite signal generation, receiver signal acquisition and tracking, and receiver operation in the presence of RF interference, respectively. Standalone GPS performance is covered in Chapter 7 while differential techniques are addressed in Chapter 8. In Chapter 9, the integration of GPS and other sensors is discussed. The Russian GLONASS system is described in Chapter 10. The INMARSAT geostationary overlay is discussed in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 focuses on GPS markets and applications.

As mentioned above, this text was compiled by individuals with expertise in the various aspects of GPS. Unlike other books where the authors may have collaborated to form a particular chapter, that was not the case in this writing (wit one exception). Each author either wrote an entire chapter, a specific section, or in tiple sections. This made my job as editor somewhat more difficult, but I believe th this has resulted in a significant contribution to the engineering/scientific community. Although at times the experience was quite trying, it was generally a pleasure working with such a high caliber of individuals. Each author illuminated each topic with his or her expertise. Mike Pavloff generated the section on fundamentals of satellite orbits; Joe Leva wrote sections addressing user velocity determination and posit on error analyses as well as the appendix on least squares; Larry Wiederholt gener ed the sections on GPS system architecture; Phil Ward authored the chapters on satellite signal generation, signal acquisition and tracking, and receiver operation in an interference environment; Maarten Uilt de Haag provided text on pseudorange measurement errors; and Karen Van Dyke addressed standalone availability and integrity. Local and wide area code-based differential GPS (DGPS) techniques were covered by Ron Cosentino, while Dave Diggle addressed local area DGPS carrier phase measurements. GPS/inertial integration was written by Mike Foss, with Jeff Geier providing sections on multisensor integration for automotive applications. GLONASS was covered by Richard Clark, Scott Feairheller, and Jay Purvis. Jim Nagle and Ron Cosentino wrote the INMARSAT chapter. Markets and applications were put forth by Scott Lewis. In addition to coordinating the effort and editing the text, I was responsible for authoring the introductory chapter. I also wrote sections pertaining to user position and time determination as well as user receiving equipment. In closing, the opinions presented here are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the MITRE Corporation.

Elliott D. Kaplan
Andover, MA
February 1996

Editorial Reviews

A reference and text developed from a course for engineers and scientists on the Geographical Positioning System, presented in Boston in November 1993. Synthesizes the otherwise scattered technical information on the system, beginning with an approach accessible to readers with only a general science background, and progressing through increasingly sophisticated mathematical and technical aspects. A final chapter for sales and marketing personnel covers markets and applications of products and services based on satellite navigation. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews