Understanding Intercultural Communication / Edition 2

by Stella Ting-Toomey, Leeva C. Chung

Overview

Understanding Intercultural Communication, 3rd Edition (UIC3) emphasizes a perspective that integrates intersectional identity complexity with a strong values orientation in shaping intercultural contact. We address contemporary issues such as the important roles and effects of technology in our everyday intercultural lives. This is an introductory book designed for undergraduate students, teachers, and practitioners searching for a user-friendly textbook on the fundamentals of intercultural communication. With the lens of flexible intercultural communication, we thread through an abundance of intercultural material with a very practical theme. By integrating current empirical research with lively intercultural examples, the authors ask thought-provoking questions and pose ethical dilemmas for students to ponder.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780199739790
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	11/16/2011
Edition description:	New Edition
Pages:	352
Product dimensions:	7.50(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.70(d)

About the Author

Stella Ting-Toomey is Professor of Human Communication Studies at California State University, Fullerton.
Leeva C. Chung is Professor at the University of San Diego.

Table of Contents

	Preface	xi
	Acknowledgments	xiv
	About the Authors	xvii
1	Why Study Intercultural Communication?	1
	Practical Reasons to Study Intercultural Communication	3
	Adapting to Global and Domestic Workforce Diversity	3
	Improving Multicultural Health Care Communication	7
	Engaging in Creative Problem Solving	9
	Enhancing Intercultural Relationship Satisfaction	10
	Deepening Self-Awareness	12
	Fostering Global and Intrapersonal Peace	13
	Intercultural Communication Flexibility	15
	Knowledge, Attitude, and Skills	16
	Flexible Intercultural Communication: Four Criteria	17
	Mastering Intercultural Communication Flexibility	19
	A Staircase Model	19
	Communicating Flexibly	21
2	What Is Intercultural Communication?	25
	Culture: A Learned Meaning System	27
	Surface-Level Culture: Popular Culture	28
	Intermediate-Level Culture: Symbols, Meanings, and Norms	31
	Deep-Level Culture: Traditions, Beliefs, and Values	33
	Understanding Intercultural Communication: A Process Model	37
	Intercultural Communication Process: Overall Characteristics	39
	Intercultural Communication: Meaning Characteristics	41
	Practicing Intercultural Process Thinking	43
	Process Consciousness: Underlying Principles	43
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	48
3	What Are the Essential Cultural Value Patterns?	51
	Functions of Cultural Values	53
	Analyzing Cultural Values	54
	Identity Meaning Function	54
	Explanatory Function	55
	Boundary Regulation Function	55
	Adaptational Function	56
	Analyzing Cultural Value Dimensions	56
	Discovering Cultural Values	57
	Identity: Individualism-Collectivism Value Pattern	59
	Power: Small-Large Power Distance Value Pattern	63
	Uncertainty: Weak-Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Value Pattern	64
	Sex Roles: Feminine-Masculine Value Pattern	66
	Additional Value Orientation Patterns	67
	Value Orientations: Background Information	68
	Meaning: Doing-Being Activity Value Orientation	70
	Destiny: Controlling-Yielding People-Nature Value Orientation	71
	Time: Future-Past Temporal Value Orientation	73
	Space: Privacy-Communal Spatial Value Orientation	74
	Individual Socialization Development	75
	Independent Versus Interdependent Self-Construal	77
	Horizontal Versus Vertical Self-Construal	77
	Internal Versus External Locus of Control	79
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	81
4	What Are the Keys to Understanding Cultural and Ethnic Identities?	83
	Family and Gender Socialization	85
	Family Socialization and Interaction Patterns	87
	Gender Socialization and Interaction Patterns	90
	Cultural-Ethnic Identity Formation	91
	Cultural Identity Conceptualization	91
	Ethnic Identity Conceptualization	94
	Group Membership: Intercultural Boundary Crossing	98
	Defining Acculturation and Enculturation	98
	Social Identity	101
	Systems-Level Factors	102
	Individual-Level Factors	104
	Interpersonal-Ethnic Media-Level Factors	105
	Ethnic-Cultural Identity Change Process	107
	Ethnic-Cultural Identity Typological Model	107
	Racial-Ethnic Identity Development Model	108
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	110
5	What Is Culture Shock?	113
	Understanding Culture Shock	115
	Culture Shock: Defining Characteristics	116
	Culture Shock: Pros and Cons	118
	Approaching Culture Shock: Underlying Factors	118
	Managing Culture Shock: Initial Tips	122
	Intercultural Adjustment: Developmental Patterns	123
	The U-Curve Adjustment Model	126
	The Revised W-Shaped Adjustment Model	127
	Culture Shock: Peaks and Valleys	132
	Reentry Culture Shock	134
	Reentry Culture Shock: Surprising Elements	134
	Resocialization: Different Returnees' Profiles	135
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	136
6	What Is the Relationship Between Language and Culture?	139
	Human Language: Distinctive Features	141
	Arbitrariness	142
	Abstractness	143
	Meaning-Centeredness	144
	Creativity	145
	Understanding Multiple Language Rules	145
	Phonological Rules	147
	Morphological Rules	148
	Syntactic Rules	149
	Semantic Rules	149
	Pragmatic Rules	151
	Understanding Diverse Language Functions	153
	The Cultural Worldview Function	153
	The Cognitive Formation Function	154
	The Social Reality Function	156
	The Group Identity Function	158
	The Social Change Function	161
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	163
7	What Are the Major Differences in Intercultural Verbal Styles?	167
	Intercultural Low-Context and High-Context Communication Framework	169
	Defining Low-Context and High-Context Communication	169
	Low-Context and High-Context Communication Examples	172
	Low-Context and High-Context VerbalStyle Comparisons	175
	Direct and Indirect Verbal Styles	175
	Complementary, Animated, and Understated Verbal Styles	178
	Informal and Formal Verbal Styles	179
	Beliefs Expressed in Talk and Silence	181
	Intercultural Conversation Process: Self-Disclosure	182
	Self-Disclosure: Verbal Revealment Versus Concealment	182
	Johari Window	186
	Intercultural Persuasion Process	188
	Linear Logic Versus Spiral Logic Persuasion	188
	Self-Credentialing and Self-Humbling Verbal Modes	191
	Face-Negotiation and Requesting Strategies	193
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	194
8	What Are the Different Ways to Communicate Nonverbally Across Cultures?	197
	The Importance of Nonverbal Communication	199
	What Is Nonverbal Communication?	200
	Actions or Words?	201
	One Code, Many Interpretations	201
	Verbal and Nonverbal Similarities	202
	Forms of Nonverbal Communication	203
	Artifacts and Clothing	203
	Paralanguage	205
	Facial Expressions	206
	Gestures	210
	Haptics	212
	Boundary Regulations	214
	Regulating Interpersonal Boundaries	215
	Environmental Boundaries	217
	Psychological Boundaries	218
	Regulating Time	220
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	224
9	What Causes Us to Hold Biases Against Outgroups?	227
	Through Our Lenses: Communication Filters	230
	Perception and Communication	230
	Ethnocentrism and Communication	233
	Stereotypes and Communication	236
	Stereotypes and Media	238
	Nearsighted Focus: Ingroup/Outgroup Membership Boundaries	239
	Us Versus Them	239
	Where Do I Fit In?	241
	Intergroup Attributions	242
	Shattered Lens: Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism	244
	Prejudiced Remarks...or Innocent Jokes?	245
	Prejudice: Explanations and Functions	247
	Discrimination and Practice	248
	Different Types of Racism	251
	Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination	254
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	255
10	What Are the Best Ways to Manage Intercultural Conflict?	257
	Intercultural Conflict: Cultural Background Factors	259
	Culture-Based Conflict Lenses	260
	Intercultural Conflict Perceptions	263
	Intercultural Conflict Goal Issues	265
	Perceived Scarce Resources	266
	Intercultural Conflict Process Factors	268
	Defining Conflict Styles	268
	Cross-Cultural Conflict Styles	274
	Cross-Ethnic Conflict Styles and Facework	276
	Competent Intercultural Conflict Skills	279
	Facework Management	280
	Mindful Listening	281
	Cultural Empathy	282
	Mindful Reframing	282
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	283
11	What Are the Challenges in Developing an Intercultural-Intimate Relationship?	287
	Developing Intercultural-Intimate Relationships: Invisible Challenges	289
	Different Cultural-Ethnic Membership Values	290
	Different Expectations of Love	290
	Different Expectations of Autonomy-Connection Issues	292
	Communication Decoding Issues	293
	Intercultural-Intimate Relationship Attraction: Facilitating Factors	296
	Perceived Physical Attractiveness	296
	Perceived Similarity	297
	Self-Disclosure	298
	Ethnic Identity and Self-Concept	299
	Intercultural-Intimate Conflict: Major Obstacles	300
	Encountering Prejudice and Racism	301
	Countering Racism and Prejudice: Coping Strategies	304
	Raising Secure Bicultural Children	305
	Raising Bicultural-Biracial Children	306
	Helping Children to Develop a Secure Identity	308
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	309
12	What Are the Communication Issues Facing a Global Identity?	311
	The E.net Self: Local Versus Global Outlook	313
	Local Versus Global Identity	313
	Defining the Background of E.net'ers	314
	E.net'ers: Who Are They?	315
	The E.net Identity: Dialectical Challenges	317
	Spatial Zone Dialectics	318
	Temporal Zone Dialectics	319
	Identity Zone Dialectics	320
	Global Identities in Action	321
	The Lens of Television: Identity Imitation	321
	Rap and Hip-Hop Music: Identity Expression	324
	Fashion and Gadgets: Identity Construction	328
	Video: Identity Transformation	330
	Intercultural Toolkit: Recaps and Checkpoints	331
13	How Can We Become Ethical Intercultural Communicators?	333
	Comparing Different Ethical Positions	335
	Ethical Absolutism Position	335
	Ethical Relativism Position	338
	Ethical Universalism Position	339
	Meta-Ethics Contextualism Position	339
	Meta-Ethics: Procedures and Guidelines	340
	Identifying Key Meta-Ethics Concepts	341
	Meta-Ethical Decisions: Further Guidelines	345
	An Intercultural Discovery Path Model	347
	From Ethnocentrism to Ethnorelativism	349
	Becoming a Dynamic Global Leader	352
	In Conclusion	353
	References	355
	Glossary	373
	Author Index	389
	Subject Index	393

Editorial Reviews

"This student-centered text engages undergraduates through its presentation and discussion of key concepts by examples, questions, stories, and activities. The authors provide 'food for thought' and the 'proper utensils' for handling the material. . . . This textbook is fresh because it contains many stories and examples that students will connect with."—Armeda C. Reitzel, Humboldt State University

"I especially like the idea of 'posed questions' as chapter titles. It situates the reader in the context of inquiry. The use of figures, tables, photos, Jeopardy Boxes, and intercultural checkpoints adds greatly to the content."—Arvind Singhal, Ohio University, Athens

"The authors write clearly but with a sense of sophistication and depth, so that lower-division students can easily grasp the material, but senior students can be pushed to engage concepts, terms, and theories."—Fernando Delgado, Arizona State University West

"One of the outstanding features of this text is the integration of innovative topics that are not included in other intercultural texts. . . . The student-centered pedagogical approach in this text is the best I've encountered!"—Candice Thomas-Maddox, Ohio University, Lancaster

From the Publisher