Table of Contents
Index
A
Accumulation Theory, 200
activating
bad Bishops, 51
pieces with sacrifice, 105, 107
active, 237
Bishops, 51
vs. inactive pieces, 30
advancing pawns, 105
drawbacks, 112
advantages
appropriate vs. inappropriate, 186
definition, 5, 237
favoring Bishops, 83
material (force), 2, 5, 7
in endgames, 169
endgames with, 20
on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173
rules for, 12
strategies, 8
throwing away, 14
trading with, 15, 20, 26
pawn structure, 5
piece mobility, 5
reality of, 6
safe King, 5
space (territory), 5, 149
in center, 87
on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172
static vs. dynamic, 5
time vs. material, 17
Alekhine, Alexander, 60, 115, 210-211, 225
Alekhine Defense, 214
Alekhine's Gun, 61
algebraic chess notation, 237, 241
analysis, 237
annotation, 237
attacking
pawn chains, 81, 120
weak pawns, 128
attacks, 238
discovered, 240
double, 240
King, 167
and castling, 168
conditions for, 167
and lead in development, 168-169
of necessity, 177
with Queen, 76
minority, 130, 132, 178
one-piece, 77
premature, 187
B
Back Rank Mate, 59, 119, 243
backward pawns, 33
bad Bishops, 50
activating, 51
example, 62
trading, 53, 55
ballast, 10, 170
Bishops, 48
active, 51
advantages that favor, 83
bad, 50
activating, 51
examples, 62
trading, 53, 55
and closed diagonals, 42, 50
and control of squares, 48
in endgames with passed pawns, 83
fianchettoed, 241
example, 136
getting outside pawn chain, 52, 55
good, 49
example, 62
inactive, 42
vs. Knights, 38, 41, 53, 79
strategies, 79
moving pawns out of way of, 52
and open diagonals, 46, 49
and open positions, 79
opposite-colored, 245
pair of, 238
and wrong-colored Rook-pawn draw, 48
blockaders, 42
blockades, x, 238
blocking
passed pawns with Knights, 109
with pawns, 100
blunders, 238
board
closing section of, 32
opening up, 7
book, 238
Botvinnik Formation, 87
Botvinnik, Mikhail, 58, 219, 225
breakthrough, 238
Browne, Walter, 136
C
calculation, 4, 238
Capablanca, José. Raúl, 117, 205, 210
capturing
en passant, rule, 241
squares, 136
Caro-Kann Defense, 240
castling
and King attacks, 168
kingside, 238
for King's safety, example, 23
purpose of, 238
queenside, 238
rule, 238
center, 239
closed, attacking with pawns, 140
dominating with pawns, 157
open, and Kings, 67
pawns, weak, 162
cheap shots, 20
check
discovered, 240
double, 240
perpetual, 245, 249
example of avoiding, 21
checkmate, 239
smothered, 248
chess
advantages. See advantages
as art, ix, 29
notation, 237
as sport, ix, 29
as team effort, 138
as tool, 1
as warfare, 13
Classical, 239
closed
centers, attacking with pawns, 140
diagonals, and Bishops, 50
games, 239
lines, for defense, 139
positions, and Knights, 42, 79, 87
closing
lines to pieces, 17
section of board, 32
color, control, 90
combination, 239
complacency, effect of, 189
connected passed pawns, 239
control
of 7th rank, 58
color, 90
of space, 44, 149
of squares, 39, 44, 136, 141
by Bishops, 48
with pawns, 100
by Queens, 72
counterplay, x, 25, 239
in response to King attack, 167
trading to restrict, 128
cramping positions, 239
critical position, 240
critical thinking, 3
examples, 21, 26
D
decisions, based on emotions, 193
defending, in the opening
Caro-Kann Defense, 240
French Defense, 240, 250
Two Knights' Defense, 250
defenses, definition, 240, 243
deficit, material
in endgame, 7
and lead in development, 16
in middlegame, 7
development, 8
definition, 8, 240
getting hung up on, 188
importance of, 8, 15
lead in
and King attacks, 169
and material deficit, 16
as signal for King attack, 168, 174
and Rooks, 57
sacrificing for, 21
diagonals
closed, and Bishops, 42, 50
open, and Bishops, 46, 49
discovered
attack, 240
check, 240
double
attack, 240
examples, 11, 28, 50
check, 240
doubled
pawns, example, 130
doubling, 59
example, 66
draws
definition, 240
by perpetual check, ex- ample of avoiding, 21
stalemate, 248
three-time repetition of position, 249
wrong-colored Rook-pawn, 48
Dutch Defense, 43
E
Elo, Arpad, 241
Elo rating, 241
emotions
as basis for decisions, 193
precautions against, 197
endgames
definition, 241
and Kings, 68
Kings in, 84
material advantage in, 8, 20, 169
material deficit in, 7
with passed pawns, Bishops in, 83
and pawn majorities, 117
en passant, rule, 241
equality, 241
Euwe, Max, 4, 211
Evans, Larry, 4
Exchange, The, 31, 106, 241
exchanging, 241. See also trading
F
fear, effect of, 194
Fédération International des Échecs (FIDE), 1, 222, 241
fianchettoed Bishops, 241
example, 136
files, 241
half-open, 242
open, 244
importance of, 62
and Rooks, 44, 58
Fischer, Bobby, 28, 33, 54, 62, 75, 122, 137, 221, 226
five R's, 2
flanks, 241
flexibility, importance of, 167
force, x, 8
advantage in, 5
See also material
forced, 242
forfeiting, 247
forks, example, 11, 21, 57, 106
French Defense, 240, 250
G
gambits, 242
games
closed, 239
open, 244
good Bishops, 49
example, 62
Grandmaster (GM), 242
Grünfeld Defense, 162
H
half-open files, 242
hanging, 242
holes, 136, 242
Hooper, David, 4
hypermodern, 243
Hypermodernism, 214
I
inattention, the effect of, 26-27
initiative, 239, 243
international chess federation. See Fédération International des Échecs
International Master (IM), 242
interposition, 243
intuition, 243
isolated pawns. See pawn islands; pawns, isolated
K
Karpov, Anatoly, 9, 86, 136, 190, 221
Kasparov, Garry, 222, 225
King, 64
attacks, 167
and castling, 168
conditions for, 167
and lead in development, 168-169
of necessity, 177
avoiding open centers, 67
in endgames, 68, 84
making use of, 65
pawn protection around, 17
safe, 5, 10, 65, 76
castling for, 23
example, 32
threats to, 26
kingside, 243
Knights, 37
on 1st rank, 133
on 1st and 2nd ranks, 38
on 3rd rank, 40
on 4th rank, 40
on 5th rank, 41
on 6th rank, 41
vs. Bishops, 38, 41, 53, 79
as blockaders, 109
and closed positions, 42, 79, 87
and pawns
locked, 42
passed, 42
strategies, 86
and support points, 38, 82, 86, 136
L
Larsen, Jorgen, 70
Lasker, Emanuel, 99, 201, 205, 210, 225
laziness, effect of, 192, 208
lead in development
and material deficit, 16
as signal for King attack, 174
lines, opening and closing, 17
locked pawns, and Knights, 42
luft, x, 243
M
major pieces, 243
majorities
pawn, 111, 114
in endgames, 117
relative importance of, 115
trading to enhance, 117
Marshall, Frank, 117, 210
Master, 243
mate, 243
material, x, 8, 244
advantage, 2, 5, 7, 237
in endgame, 8, 20, 169
on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173
rules for, 12
and sacrifices, 10
strategies, 8
throwing away, 14
vs. time advantage, 17
trading with, 15, 20, 26
deficit, and lead in development, 16
definition, 244
making good use of, 8
point count system, definition, 246
middlegame, 244
material deficit in, 7
minor pieces, 244
minority attacks, 132, 178
strategy, 130
mistakes, 185
mobility, 244
of pieces, 5
moves
quiet, 247
speculative, 248
N
Nimzovich, Aaron, 58, 214, 238
notation, 237
O
occupying squares, 244
odds
Queen, 14
Queen-Knight, 16
open
centers, and Kings, 67
diagonals, and Bishops, 46, 49
files, 244
importance of, 62
and Rooks, 44, 58
games, 243
lines, for attack, 139
positions, 244
and Bishops, 79
opening
board, 7
creating open files for Rooks in, 61
definition, 244
gambits, 242
lines for pieces, 17
moves, 244
openings
Alekhine Defense, 214
Botvinnik Formation, 87
Caro-Kann Defense, 240
Dutch Defense, 43
French Defense, 240, 250
Grünfeld Defense, 162
Petroff Defense, 62
Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178
Tartakower Variation, 223
Ruy López, 145
Scotch Opening, 73
Semi-Slav Defense, 219
Sicilian Defense, 62
Nimzovich Variation, 214
Tarrasch Opening, 206
Two Knights' Defense, 250
opposite-colored Bishops, 245
overconfidence, effect of, 27, 189, 195
overextending, 245
Over-protection, 214
owning, squares, 137
P
passed pawns, See pawns, passed
pawn
center, defending against, 162
chains
attacking, 81, 120
example, 51
getting Bishops outside, 52, 55
islands, 120
avoiding, 121
creating for opponent, 122-123
weakness of, 120
majorities, 111, 114
in endgames, 117
relative importance of, 115
trading to enhance, 117
protection around King, 17
sacrifices, 105, 179
vacating squares with, 108
storm, 178, 187
strategies, 99
structure, x, 5, 99
as protection, 22
pawns
advancing, 105
drawbacks, 112
backward, 33
blocking with, 100
capturing en passant, 241
and closed centers, 140
connected passed, 239
dominating center with, 157
doubled
definition, 240
example, 130
hanging, 242
isolated, 120 (see also pawn islands)
locked, and Knights, 42
moving out of way of Bishops, 52
passed, 26, 114
blocking with Knights, 109
definition, 245
and Knights, 42
placement of, 99
promoting, 26, 109, 246
protected passed, 246
restraining opponent with, 103
restricting opponent with, 101
and space (territory), 149
stopping, 238
underpromoting, 250
weak, 127
examples, 35
perpetual checks. See check, perpetual
Petroff Defense, 62
Petrosian, Tigran, 31, 43, 81, 218
Philidor, Andr. , 99
philosophies
Classical, 239
Hypermodernism, 243
piece, mobility, 5
pieces
and control of squares, 44
major, 243
minor, 79, 244
opening lines for, 17
using all, 13, 63
value of, viii-ix, 79
where they go, 37
pigs on 7th, 63, 246
pins, example, 11, 6061, 246
placement of pawns, 99
plans, 246
players, psychological state of, 7, 26-27, 177, 194
playing
for cheap shot, 20
styles, 248
positional, 246
romantic, 247
point count system, 246
points, 246
support for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136
Portisch, Lajos, 34
positional chess, x, 4
positions
assessing, 160
closed, 239
cramping, 239
open, 244
simplifying, 247
postmortem. See analysis
Potter, William, 14
premature attacks, 187
prepared variations, 246
preventing, opponent's moves, 140
principles of chess, x, 8, 242
promoting pawns, 26, 109, 246
prophylaxis, 214, 218, 223
protected passed pawns, 246
protecting
King, 17
Queen, 72
psychology, state of players, 7, 26-27, 177, 194
Q
Queen, 72
and control of squares, 72
in King attacks, 76
protecting, 72
risking, 75
trading, example, 156
Queen odds, 14
queening. See pawns, promoting
Queen-Knight odds, 16
Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178
Tartakower Variation , 223
queenside, 246
R
R's, five, 2
rabioso, 72
ranks, 247
1st and 2nd, Knights on, 38, 133
3rd, Knights on, 40
4th, Knights on, 40
5th, Knights on, 41
6th, Knights on, 41
7th, Rooks on, 25, 58, 116
rating, 247
system, 241
resigning, how to, 247
restraining, opponent with pawns, 103
restricting
counterplay by trading, 128
opponent with pawns, 101
romantic, 247
Rook-pawns, wrong-colored draw, 48
Rooks, 57
on 7th rank, 25, 116
doubled, 63
connecting, 74
and development, 57
and open files, 44, 58
Rubinstein, Akiba, 69, 205
Rubinstein Year, 205
rules
of chess, ix
for material advantage, 12
Ruy L¢pez Opening, 145
S
sacrifices
definition, 247
for development, 21
with material advantage, 10
to open lines, 17
pawn, 105, 179
vacating square with, 108
safety, of King, 5, 10, 65, 76
castling for, 23
example, 32
science of chess, ix
Scotch Opening, 73
Seirawan method, 8
Semi-Slav Defense, 219
Short, Nigel, 94
Sicilian Defense, 62
Nimzovich Variation, 214
simplifying. See trading
smothered mate, 248
space, x, 149
advantage, 5, 149, 237
avoiding trading with, 150, 151
in center, 87
on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172
control of, 44, 149
count system, 248
dangers of giving up, 154
definition, 248
on wings, 150
Spassky, Boris, 31, 70, 219, 223
sport of chess. See chess
squares
capturing, 136
controlling, 39, 44, 136, 141
with Bishops, 48
with Queen, 72
with pawns, 100
creating, 136
lines of, 144
occupying, 244
owning, 137
weak, 135
caused by pawn advance, 113
stalemate, 248
Steinitz, Wilhelm, 145, 199, 214
storm, pawn, 187
strategies
Bishops against Knights, 79
built around targets, 12
closing lines for defense, 139
defense against pawn center, 162
faulty, 185
King attacks, 167
Knights against Bishops, 86
material advantage, 8
minority attack, 130
opening lines for attack, 139
pawn
domination in center, 157
island, 120
promotion, 109, 114
sacrifices, 105
weak, 127
psychological, 180
space, 150
squares, weak, 135, 141
targets, 127
trading with material advantage, 20
using pawns to block and restrict, 100
weak
pawn, 127
squares, 135, 141
strategy, 3, 248
vs. calculation, 4
definition, 4
importance of, 1
masters of, 199
vs. tactics, x, 4
structure, pawn, 5, 99
style. See playing styles
support points for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136
T
tactics, ix, 26
definition, 248
overlooking possibilities for, 192
Tal, Mikhail, 225
targets, 45
creating, 104, 127
ideal, 13
pawn center, 162
role in strategy, 12
Tarrasch Opening, 206
team effort, 138
example, 171
tempi, 249
tempo, 249
territory, 149. See also space
terror, effect of, 194
theory, 249
three-time repetition of position, 249
throwing away, material advantage, 14
tied games. See draws
time, x, 8
advantage vs. material advantage, 17
controls, 249
definition, 249
limits, 249
loss of, 249
pressure, 249
trading, 241
avoiding, 59, 110, 178
to maintain space ad-vantage, 150
with space advantage, 151
bad Bishops, 53, 55
to enhance pawn majority, 117
inactive pieces for active ones, 30
with material advantage, 8, 15, 20, 26
Queen, example, 156
to restrict counterplay, 128
to weaken opponent, 29
transposing, 250
traps, 250
tripling, example, 61
Two Knghts' Defense, 250
V
vacating squares with sacrifice, 108
value of pieces, ix, 8, 79
variations
calculating, 238
definition, 250
prepared, 246
W
weak
pawns, 127
examples, 35
points, 127
squares, 135
caused by pawn advance, 113
creating, 136
lines of, 144
weaknesses, 250
exploiting, 127
Whyld, Kenneth, 4
World Champions, rating, 240
Z
zugzwang, 61, 250
zwischenzug, 250
eXample, 216