Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates: An Introduction to Dispersion Modeling, Second Edition

by D. Bruce Turner

Overview

This completely updated and revised Second Edition of the popular Workbook of Atmospheric Dispersion Estimates provides an important foundation for understanding dispersion modeling as it is being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette will help you determine the impacts of various sources of air pollution, including the effects of wind and turbulence, plume rise, and Gaussian dispersion and its limitations. Information is shown in summary graphs as well as in equations. The programs included on the diskette allow you to "get the feel" for the results you'll obtain through the input of various combinations of parameter values. The sensitivity of data to various parameters can be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the effect on the results. The book presents 37 example problems with solutions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations for many situations.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780367579814
Publisher:	CRC Press
Publication date:	06/30/2020
Edition description:	2nd ed.
Pages:	192
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d)

About the Author

D. Bruce Turner

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction - How Does the Atmosphere Disperse Material and What Is a Dispersion Model?

1.1 Averaging Periods for Data 1-1

1.2 Wind 1-1

1.2.1 Effect of Direction 1-1

1.2.2 Effect of Speed 1-2

1.3 Effect of Surface Roughness 1-3

1.4 Turbulence 1-4

1.4.1 What Is Turbulence? 1-4

1.4.2 Mechanical Turbulence 1-4

1.4.3 Buoyant Generation of Turbulence 1-4

1.5 Relation of Turbulence to Vertical Thermal Structure 1-4

1.6 Appearance of Continuous Visible Emissions to Vertical Thermal Structure - Plume Types 1-6

1.7 What Is a Dispersion Model? 1-7

1.8 Why Do We Model? 1-7

Chapter 2 Estimates of Atmospheric Dispersion

2.1 Assumptions in Gaussian Modeling 2-1

2.2 The Gaussian Distribution 2-2

2.3 Coordinate System 2-2

2.4 Variables and Basic Dispersion Equation 2-3

2.5 Derivation of Additional Equations for Specific Situations 2-6

2.6 Pasquill Stability Class 2-7

2.7 Pasquill-Gifford Dispersion Parameters 2-8

2.8 Averaging Time of the Pasquill-Gifford Dispersion Parameters 2-8

2.9 Determining Groundlevel Concentration with Downwind Distance 2-12

2.10 Nomogram for Determination of Distance to Groundlevel Maximum and Maximum Concentration 2-13

2.11 Accuracy of Estimates 2-13

2.12 Determining the Distance to a Concentration Level-of-Concern for a Groundlevel Release 2-15

2.13 Treatment of Effect of Mixing Height 2-16

2.14 Graphs for Estimates of Downwind Groundlevel Concentrations 2-18

2.15 Determining Groundlevel Concentration Isopleths 2-27

2.16 Areas Within Isopleths 2-38

2.17 Review of Assumptions 2-38

Chapter 3 Effective Height of Emission

3.1 Stack-Tip Downwash 3-1

3.2 Buoyancy Flux 3-2

3.3 Final Rise for Unstable-Neutral Conditions 3-2

3.3.1 Unstable-Neutral Buoyant Rise 3-2

3.3.2 Unstable-Neutral Momentum Rise 3-2

3.4 Final Rise for Stable Conditions 3-3

3.4.1 Stable Buoyant Rise 3-3

3.4.2 Stable Momentum Rise 3-3

3.5 Final Effective Height 3-4

3.6 Gradual Rise 3-4

3.7 Distance to Final Rise 3-4

3.8 Plume Rise Used in TUPOS 3-5

Chapter 4 Special Topics

4.1 Conversion of Concentrations 4-1

4.2 Dispersion Using Fluctuation Statistics 4-1

4.3 Concentrations in an Inversion Break-Up Fumigation 4-2

4.4 Partial Penetration of Plumes Through the Mixing Height 4-5

4.5 Concentrations at Groundlevel Compared to Concentrations at the Level of Effective Stack Height from Elevated Continuous Sources 4-7

4.6 Total Dosage from a Finite Release 4-7

4.7 Crosswind-Integrated Concentrations 4-8

4.8 Variation of Concentrations with Sampling Time 4-8

4.9 Estimation of Seasonal or Annual Concentrations at a Receptor from a Single Pollutant Source 4-10

4.10 Meteorological Conditions Associated with Maximum Concentrations 4-11

4.11 Dual Effect of Wind Speed - Maximum Concentrations at the Critical Wind Speed 4-12

4.12 Concentrations at a Receptor Point from Several Sources 4-12

4.13 Rural and Urban Dispersion Parameters 4-12

4.14 Exponent for Power-Law Wind Profiles 4-13

4.15 Buoyancy-Induced Dispersion 4-15

4.16 Area Sources 4-16

4.17 Topography 4-17

4.18 Line Sources 4-18

4.19 Instantaneous Sources 4-19

4.20 Average Concentrations from Instantaneous Sources 4-21

Chapter 5 Putting Gaussian Methods Into Perspective

5.1 Where Gaussian Methods Are Less Applicable 5-1

5.2 Convective Situations 5-1

5.3 Groundlevel Releases 5-2

Chapter 6 Using Computers for Dispersion Estimates

Chapter 7 Use of the Computer Diskette

7.1 Installation of the Program 7-1

7.2 Running the Program - WKBK2 7-1

7.3 The Supplementary Program - SUPL 7-3

Chapter 8 Example Problems

References

Appendix

Floppy Diskette

One 3 1/2" floppy diskette: READ.ME file gives instructions for use.

Contains two executable programs for instructional (not production) use.