Worldmaking: The Art and Science of American Diplomacy

by David Milne

Overview

A new intellectual history of U.S. foreign policy from the late nineteenth century to the present

Worldmaking is a compelling new take on the history of American diplomacy. Rather than retelling the story of realism versus idealism, David Milne suggests that U.S. foreign policy has also been crucially divided between those who view statecraft as an art and those who believe it can aspire to the certainty of science.

Worldmaking follows a cast of characters who built on one another’s ideas to create the policies we have today. Woodrow Wilson’s Universalism and moralism led Sigmund Freud to diagnose him with a messiah complex. Walter Lippmann was a syndicated columnist who commanded the attention of leaders as diverse as Theodore Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, and Charles de Gaulle. Paul Wolfowitz was the intellectual architect of the 2003 invasion of Iraq—and an admirer of Wilson’s attempt to “make the world safe for democracy.” Each was engaged in a process of worldmaking, formulating strategies that sought to deploy the nation’s vast military and economic power—or sought to retrench and focus on domestic issues—to shape a world in which the United States would be best positioned to thrive.

Tracing American statecraft from the age of steam engines to the age of drones, Milne reveals patterns of worldmaking that have remained impervious to the passage of time. The result is a panoramic history of U.S. foreign policy driven by ideas and by the lives and times of their authors.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780374536398
Publisher:	Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Publication date:	02/14/2017
Edition description:	Reprint
Pages:	622
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 8.90(h) x 1.60(d)

About the Author

David Milne is a senior lecturer in modern history at the University of East Anglia. He is the author of America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War and senior editor of the two-volume Oxford Encyclopedia of American Military and Diplomatic History. Milne has held visiting fellowships at Yale University, the Gilder-Lehrman Institute for American History, and the American Philosophical Society. In addition to academic journals, his writing has appeared in the Los Angeles Times and The Nation.

Table of Contents

Introduction 3

1 The Philosopher of Sea Power: Alfred Thayer Mahan 21

2 Kant's Best Hope: Woodrow Wilson 69

3 Americans First: Charles Beard 123

4 The Syndicated Oracle: Walter Lippmann 168

5 The Artist: George Kennan 217

6 The Scientist: Paul Nitze 268

7 Metternich Redux: Henry Kissinger 326

8 The Worldmaker: Paul Wolfowitz 387

9 Barack Obama and the Pragmatic Renewal 457

Conclusion 514

Notes 527

Bibliography 567

Acknowledgments 589

Index 591

Editorial Reviews

David Milne tells the story of the hundred or so years when a sequence of public intellectuals shaped the discourse and practice of U.S. foreign affairs with confidence and élan—and guided America to its place as the world’s No. 1 power . . . That Mr. Milne succeeds, and brilliantly, is due in no small part to the vivacity and jargon-free clarity of his prose. But he also has a clever, thoughtful thesis that, while developed with great brio, he is careful not to overstate.” —Richard Aldous, The Wall Street Journal

“[Worldmaking] is a foundational text and will inspire future works to come. It is a joy to read.” —Daniel Steinmetz-Jenkins, Politics, Religion and Ideology (review forum)

“Perhaps Americans get the foreign policy they deserve. That is the conclusion of British historian David Milne’s elegantly written and shrewdly argued volume . . . Playing off the specific within the general, Milne showcases his strength as a writer and historian of great creativity.” —Raymond Haberski, Politics, Religion and Ideology (review forum)

“Milne wears his expertise and erudition lightly as he paints history on a big canvas without resort to big brush strokes, eschewing harsh judgments to link the realm of ideas to those of war and peace. The result is a nuanced, illuminating, and propulsive history of the key personalities and events that have defined the relationship between the United States and the world since the Spanish-American War . . . [A]n exceptional work of scholarship.” —Jonathan Hunt, Politics, Religion and Ideology (review forum)

“David Milne is a skilled historian of U.S. foreign relations who combines wide command of the academic literature with an enviably limpid style . . . As a portraitist of American thinkers about foreign policy, Milne has few rivals. Designed to be read by academics and laymen, Worldmaking offers something to both, not least a series of crisply observed miniature biographies.” —Thomas Meaney, Politics, Religion and Ideology (review forum)

“Remarkable . . . David Milne scrutinizes the work of nine Americans who, beginning in the late 19th century, shaped their country’s relationship with the rest of the world . . . His portraits are detailed, clearly the product of enormous amounts of research, and the result is a mini-encyclopedia about the philosophical foundations of America’s foreign policy . . . A valuable addition to the literature of diplomacy.” —Philip Seib, Dallas Morning News

“The overall arc of [Worldmaking] is fascinating, showing how the play of ideas and politics has worked out over more than a century, with some of the most critical episodes in modern history as main episodes in the plot . . . A well-documented, full-scale overview of some key makers of modern history.” —Kirkus Reviews (starred review)

“A panoramic intellectual history of U.S. foreign policy from the nation's emergence as a major maritime power in the late nineteenth century to the present . . . Thanks to the detail and care Milne takes in describing his subjects' backgrounds, the more intriguing narrative that emerges is about the intimate yet fraught relationship between the academy and the levers of power. This is a timely, fascinating work.” —Brendan Driscoll, Booklist

“This is an outstanding book. As an intellectual history of the drivers in U.S. foreign policy, it is the best one available. But it is also a superb overview of the lives of some of the key creators of America's position in the world.” —Odd Arne Westad, S.T. Lee Professor of U.S.-Asia Relations, Harvard University

“A marvelous achievement. David Milne gives us not merely a richly textured and striking collective portrait of some of the most important figures in modern American diplomacy and statecraft; he also explains, as few others have, how the United States rose to its unrivaled position on the world stage—and what it means for international affairs today. An altogether splendid book.” —Fredrik Logevall, Laurence D. Belfer Professor of International Affairs, Harvard University

“Is U.S. foreign policy a science or an art? In this beautifully written, uncommonly wise history, David Milne shows that it can be both. Ideas, as much as material forces or strategic necessity, shape America's approach to the world. Milne demonstrates beyond any doubt the importance of the intellectuals who put these ideas into action—for better or worse. A brilliant and important book.” —Andrew Preston, author of Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy

“Well-documented, insightful, and easy to understand, this analysis is a must-read for anyone interested in this topic.” —Daniel Blewett, Library Journal (starred review)

From the Publisher

★ 2015-07-07
A survey of American diplomacy since the 1890s as reflected in the careers of the men who molded it. Milne (Modern History/Univ. of East Anglia; America's Rasputin: Walt Rostow and the Vietnam War, 2008) chooses nine significant figures whose approaches to diplomacy—either as an art, with inexact methods, or as a science, with a logical approach built from first principles—define his thesis. The tale begins at a point when the country largely avoided foreign entanglements. Alfred Thayer Mahan, in a hugely influential book on the importance of sea power, argued that the U.S. must ready to take an international role to protect its interests. A generation later, Woodrow Wilson took the position that America could only be safe in a world at peace. America's entry into World War I and the subsequent attempt to create the League of Nations were the results. Beginning in the 1920s, and increasingly as the Depression took its toll, Charles Beard made the case for putting domestic issues above all else. But with the rise of Hitler and Stalin, Walter Lippmann and George Kennan pushed for a more active international role, leading to the Cold War, in which Paul Nitze and Henry Kissinger took very different roles. As the Soviet Union faded, Paul Wolfowitz found new threats in the Middle East, threats that have dominated much of Barack Obama's presidency. The overall arc of the book is fascinating, showing how the play of ideas and politics has worked out over more than a century, with some of the most critical episodes in modern history as main episodes in the plot. Milne doesn't paint his protagonists in black-or-white terms; he both praises Kissinger for his role in the rapprochement with China and criticizes him for advocating for keeping the U.S. in Vietnam after it was clear there was nothing to gain there. On the whole, however, the author appears to side with the "artists" over their more dogmatic opposites. A well-documented, full-scale overview of some key makers of modern history.

Kirkus Reviews