Table of Contents

Preface xv

1 Enhancing Digital Learning Pedagogy for Lecture Video Recommendation Using Brain Wave Signal 1
Rabi Shaw, Simanjeet Kalia and Sourabh Mohanty

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Related Work 4

1.2.1 E-Learning, M-Learning, and T-Learning 4

1.2.2 Involvement of Networking Reforms in Education 6

1.2.3 Literature Review for Use of NeuroSky Headset in Education Domain 6

1.3 Background 10

1.4 Dataset 10

1.5 Proposed Method and Result 11

1.5.1 Collaborative Filtering Using Brain Signal–Induced Preferences 11

1.5.1.1 Neurophysiological Experiment 11

1.5.1.2 Deducing Preferences from Brain Signals 14

1.5.2 Proposed Methodology for FlipRec Model 16

1.5.2.1 Module for Data Preparation 16

1.5.2.2 FlipRec: Preferred Recommendation Model 19

1.5.3 Using Brain Signal Technology, a Cognitively Aware Lecture Video Recommendation System in Flipped Learning 20

1.5.3.1 Finding Successful Cognitive States with a Clustering Method 20

1.5.3.2 Feature Derivation for Estimating Attention 22

1.6 Result Analysis 23

1.7 Conclusion and Future Research 25

References 25

2 Blockchain-Based Sustainable Supply Chain Management 31
Anuja Ajay, Saji M. S. and Subhasis Dash

2.1 Introduction 32

2.1.1 Significance of Blockchain for SCM 34

2.1.2 Introduction to Blockchain Interoperability 35

2.2 Blockchain for Supply Chain Management 35

2.2.1 Characteristics and Requirements of Blockchain-Based Supply Chain 37

2.2.1.1 Characteristics of Supply Chain 37

2.2.1.2 Requirements of Supply Chain 40

2.2.2 Blockchain-Based Data Sharing for Supply Chain 41

2.2.3 Access Control and Trust Management in Blockchain- Based SCM 43

2.2.3.1 Access Control Mechanisms in SCM 43

2.2.3.2 Trust Management in Supply Chain 44

2.3 Interoperability in Blockchain 45

2.3.1 Overview of Blockchain Interoperability Approaches 45

2.3.1.1 Public Connectors 45

2.3.1.2 Blockchain of Blockchains (BoB) 46

2.3.1.3 Hybrid Connectors 46

2.3.2 Gateways for Interoperability and Manageability 48

2.3.3 Interoperability Approaches 49

2.4 Design Considerations and Open Challenges 50

2.5 Summary 51

2.5.1 Advantages of Blockchain for SSCM 51

2.6 Scope of Future Work Emphasis 52

References 53

3 Revolutionizing Aquaculture With the Internet of Things (IoT): An Insightful Learning 59
Arpita Nayak, Atmika Patnaik, Ipseeta Satpathy, Veena Goswami and B.C.M. Patnaik

3.1 Introduction 60

3.2 Environmental Monitoring via IoT for Sustainable Aquaculture 63

3.3 The Primacy of IoT in Enhancing Fish Health Monitoring 67

3.4 Delving Into IoT: Improving Agricultural Water Quality Management 70

3.5 Connecting the Dots: Using IoT Fish Behavior Monitoring to Improve Aquaculture Practices 74

3.6 The Worldwide Deployment of IoT in Aquaculture: Advantages and Success Factors 79

3.7 Conclusion 81

Acknowledgment 81

References 81

4 Energy Consumption Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks 87
Avik Das, Shatyaki Ghosh and Arindam Basak

4.1 Introduction 87

4.1.1 WSN Application and Hardware Characteristics 90

4.2 MAC Layer Approaches 93

4.2.1 IEEE 802.15.4 Standard along with the ZigBee Technology 94

4.2.2 Different Other MAC Approaches 95

4.3 Routing Approaches 98

4.4 Transmission Power Control Approaches 99

4.5 Autonomic Approaches 102

4.6 Application of ZigBee in a WSN 105

4.7 WSN with Cloud Computing 106

4.8 Final Considerations and Future Directions 109

References 110

5 Airline Prediction Using Customer Feedback and Rating Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning 115
Ch Sambasiva Rao, Pabbathi Manobhi Ram, Viswanadhapalli Siva and Motakatla Satya Sai Krishna Reddy

5.1 Introduction 116

5.1.1 Customer Ratings and Recommendation 116

5.2 Literature Survey 117

5.3 System Design 119

5.4 Methodology 120

5.4.1 Modules 120

5.4.1.1 Data Collection 120

5.4.1.2 Review-Based Airline Prediction 120

5.4.1.3 Rating-Based Airline Prediction 121

5.5 Algorithm Used: Random Forest, Convolutional Neural Network, and AdaBoost 121

5.5.1 Random Forest System 121

5.5.2 Convolutional 1D Neural Network–Based Training 122

5.5.2.1 Sequential Model 122

5.5.2.2 Add 1D Convolutional Layer 123

5.5.2.3 Adding 1D Max Pooling Layer 123

5.5.2.4 Adding Dense Layer 123

5.5.2.5 Neural Network Training 123

5.5.3 AdaBoost Algorithm 124

5.6 Experimental Results and Evaluations 125

5.7 Screenshots 126

5.8 Conclusion 130

References 130

6 The Breakthrough of Future Delivery: Delivery Robots 133
Ayushi Gupta

6.1 Introduction 133

6.2 Related Work 136

6.3 Evolution of Delivery Robot 138

6.4 Working Principal/Model of Delivery Robots 141

6.5 Benefits of Delivery Robots 143

6.6 Applications of Delivery Robots 149

6.7 Development Projects 153

6.8 Challenging Issues with Delivery Robots 158

6.9 Conclusion and Future Work 165

References 166

7 Emergence of Cloud Computing in IoT Applications 169
Priyanshu Sonthalia and Doddi Puneet

7.1 Introduction 170

7.1.1 Characteristics of Cloud Computing 170

7.1.2 Types of Cloud Deployment Models 171

7.1.3 Categories of Cloud Computing Architectures 172

7.1.4 Types of Cloud Service Models 173

7.2 Benefits of IoT and Cloud Integration 174

7.2.1 Scalability and Elasticity of Cloud Resources for Managing IoT Data 174

7.2.2 Reduced Infrastructure Costs with Cloud-Based Solutions 174

7.2.3 Improved Accessibility and Availability of IoT Services with Cloud Deployment 175

7.2.4 Enhanced Processing Power and Analytics Capabilities with Cloud Computing 175

7.2.5 Reduced Time to Market and Increased Innovation with Cloud-Based IoT Development 175

7.3 Cloud-Based IoT Architecture 175

7.3.1 Four Layers of Cloud-Based IoT Architecture 175

7.3.2 Role of Gateways in Linking IoT Devices to the Cloud 176

7.3.3 Overview of Cloud-Based IoT Platforms and Services 177

7.3.4 Cloud-Based IoT Standards and Protocols, such as MQTT, CoAP, AMQP, and HTTP 177

7.4 Cloud-Based IoT Applications 180

7.5 Challenges in IoT Cloud Integration 181

7.5.1 Security Risks and Challenges Associated with Cloud-Based IoT Solutions 181

7.5.2 Latency and Bandwidth Constraints of IoT Systems Hosted in the Cloud 181

7.5.3 Interoperability Issues Between Different IoT Devices and Cloud Platforms 182

7.5.4 Legal and Regulatory Challenges Associated with IoT Using Cloud Solutions 182

7.6 Open Issues and Research Directions 182

7.6.1 Future Trends and Developments in Cloud-Based IoT Solutions 182

7.6.2 Opportunities for Research in Cloud-Based IoT Solutions 182

7.6.3 Overview of Emerging Cloud-Based IoT Standards and Protocols 183

7.7 Case Study 1: Smart Home Automation Using Cloud-Based IoT 183

7.8 Case Study 2: Industrial IoT Optimization Using Cloud-Based IoT 184

7.9 Conclusion 185

References 186

8 Conceptual Assessment of Sensory Networks and Its Functional Aspects 189
Barat Nikhita, Siddhant Prateek Mahanayak and Kunal Anand

8.1 Introduction 189

8.2 Evolution of IoT 191

8.2.1 Phase 1: Early Adopters (Pre-2010) 192

8.2.2 Phase 2: Connectivity and Smart Devices (2010–2015) 193

8.2.3 Phase 3: Big Data and Cloud Computing (2015 to Present) 194

8.2.4 Phase 4: Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing (Present and Future) 195

8.3 Features of IoT 196

8.4 Architectural Framework of IoT 199

8.4.1 Device Layer 200

8.4.2 Network Layer 201

8.4.3 Platform Layer 202

8.4.4 Application Layer 203

8.5 Components of IoT 204

8.6 Applications of IoT 206

8.7 Case Study 211

8.7.1 Overview of Barcelona Smart City Project 211

8.7.2 Methodology 212

8.8 Conclusion 213

References 214

9 System Security Using Artificial Intelligence and Reduction of Data Breach 221
M. Avrit, G. P. Siranjeevi, Shruti Mishra, Sandeep Kumar Satapathy, Priyanka Mishra, Pradeep Kumar Mallick and Gyoo Soo Chae

9.1 Introduction 222

9.2 Related Work 224

9.3 Methodology 224

9.3.1 Implementation of Socket Programming Concept 224

9.3.2 Machine Learning 225

9.3.3 Deep Learning 225

9.3.4 Human Assistance 225

9.4 Proposed Model 225

9.5 Experimental Result/Result Analysis 227

9.6 Conclusion and Future Work 231

References 231

10 Mitigating DDoS Attacks: Empowering Network Infrastructure Resilience with AI and ML 233
Teja Pasonri, Saurav Singh, Vedant Shirapure, Sandeep Kumar Satapathy, Sung-Bae Cho, Shruti Mishra and Pradeep Kumar Mallick

10.1 Introduction 234

10.1.1 Categories of DDoS Attack 235

10.1.1.1 SYN Flood Attacks 235

10.1.1.2 UDP Flood Attacks 235

10.1.1.3 MSSQL Attacks 235

10.1.1.4 LDAP Attacks 235

10.1.1.5 Portmap Attacks 236

10.1.1.6 NetBIOS Attacks 236

10.1.2 Harnessing Machine Learning for DDoS Threat Detection 236

10.1.3 AI Models for DDoS Threat Detection 236

10.1.4 Beyond Classification: AI for Real-Time Detection and Mitigation 237

10.1.5 Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing 237

10.2 Related Work 237

10.3 Methodology 239

10.3.1 Pseudocode-1: Jupyter Project Code 240

10.3.2 Pseudocode-2: Project KNN Model 241

10.3.3 Hyperparameter Tuning and Evaluation 242

10.3.4 Enhancing Model Accuracy 242

10.3.5 Ping Request and DDoS Attack 242

10.4 Proposed Model 243

10.5 Experimental Result/Result Analysis 245

10.5.1 Demo of DDoS Attack 245

10.5.2 Packet Sniffing and Detecting Traffic 246

10.5.3 Accuracy Graph 246

10.5.4 Precision Graph 247

10.6 Conclusion/Future Work 248

References 248

11 CyberEDU: An Interactive Educational Tool for DDoS Attack Simulation and Prevention 251
Pulkit Srivastava, Vedant Shah, Priyanshu Singh, Sandeep Kumar Satapathy, Sung-Bae Cho, Shruti Mishra and Pradeep Kumar Mallick

11.1 Introduction 252

11.2 Related Work 255

11.3 Methodology 257

11.4 Proposed Model 260

11.5 Experimental Result/Result Analysis 263

11.6 Conclusion and Future Work 267

References 267

12 Resource Management and Performance Optimization in Constraint Network Systems 269
Amarendra Kumar Mohanty

12.1 Introduction 270

12.2 Resource Allocation Principles 271

12.3 Network Capacity and Utilization 274

12.4 Performance Optimization Strategies 280

12.4.1 Resource Management in Physical Networks 281

12.4.2 Resource Management in Virtual Networks 297

12.4.3 Resource Management in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) 300

12.5 Real-World Applications 302

12.5.1 Data Plane Development Kit Libraries 306

12.5.2 Virtual Machine Device Queues (VMDQ) 309

12.6 Conclusion and Future Directions 311

References 312

13 Resource-Constrained Network Management Using Software-Defined Networks 315
Sayan Bhattacharyya, Manas Ranjan Lenka and Subhasis Dash

13.1 Introduction 315

13.2 Software-Defined Network Architecture and Its Key Components 317

13.2.1 Application Plane 319

13.2.1.1 Network Application 320

13.2.1.2 Language-Level Virtualization 320

13.2.2 Control Plane 320

13.2.2.1 Network Operating System (NOS) 320

13.2.2.2 Network Hypervisor 320

13.2.3 Data Plane 321

13.2.3.1 Network Infrastructure 321

13.2.4 SDN Protocols 321

13.2.4.1 Northbound Protocol 321

13.2.4.2 Southbound Protocol 322

13.2.4.3 Eastbound Protocol 322

13.2.4.4 Westbound Protocol 323

13.2.5 SDN Workflows 324

13.3 Challenges and Opportunities of SDN in Resource- Constrained Scenarios 326

13.4 State-of-the-Art Techniques and Tools for Efficient Network Resource Management in SDN Environments 327

13.5 Performance of the Existing Techniques and Tools with Use Case 329

13.6 Conclusion and Future Scope 330

References 331

14 Vehicles Smoke Monitoring Using Internet of Things and Machine Learning 337
Dhavakumar P. and Selvakumar Samuel

14.1 Introduction 337

14.2 Vehicle CO 2 Emissions 338

14.2.1 Impacts of CO 2 Emissions 339

14.3 Recommended Solutions with Internet of Things 340

14.3.1 IoT System and CO 2 Sensors 340

14.3.2 Benefits of the IoT System 342

14.3.3 Air Quality Monitoring System (AQMS) 343

14.4 ml Algorithms 346

14.4.1 K-Means Algorithm (KM) 346

14.4.2 Decision Tree Algorithm (DT) 347

14.4.3 Naive Bayes Algorithm (NB) 347

14.4.4 Controlling Carbon Unlimited Flow Operation with Machine Learning Approach (CULTML) 347

14.5 Proposed System Architectures and Designs 348

14.5.1 Vehicular Unit 349

14.5.2 Software Unit 350

14.5.3 Road Transport Office (RTO) Unit 351

14.6 Logical Design of the Proposed System 352

14.6.1 Summation Detector Using Artificial Intelligence 352

14.6.2 Digit Recognition 352

14.7 Experimental Results 354

14.8 Physical Design of the Proposed System 356

14.9 Conclusion 357

References 357

15 Enhancing Home Security through IoT Innovation: Recommendations for Biometric Door Lock System to Deter Break-Ins 359
Muhammad Ehsan Rana, Kamalanathan Shanmugam, Lim Enya and Hrudaya Kumar Tripathy

15.1 Introduction 360

15.2 Literature Review 361

15.2.1 Home Security Concerns in Malaysia 362

15.2.2 Introduction to Biometric Solutions 363

15.2.3 Enhancing Biometrics with Machine Learning 364

15.2.4 Biometrics in the Realm of Smart Home Security 365

15.2.5 Review of Existing Commercial Systems 367

15.2.5.1 Samsung Smart Door Lock 367

15.2.5.2 Philips EasyKey 369

15.2.5.3 Comparison of Systems 371

15.3 Recommendations for the Implementation of the Proposed Biometric Door Lock System 372

15.3.1 Software Requirements 373

15.3.2 Key Hardware Requirements 374

15.3.2.1 Arduino Nano 374

15.3.2.2 DFRobot HuskyLens 375

15.3.2.3 DFRobot UART Fingerprint Scanner 375

15.3.2.4 Five-Volt Single-Channel Relay Module 376

15.3.2.5 12VDC Solenoid Lock 376

15.3.3 Workflow of the Proposed System 376

15.3.4 Key Features of the Proposed System 378

15.3.5 Testing the Biometric Door Lock System 380

15.3.5.1 Fingerprint Authentication Test 380

15.3.5.2 Facial Recognition Test 381

15.3.5.3 Dual Authentication Test 382

15.3.5.4 Access Log Test 384

15.3.5.5 Mobile Application Integration Test 385

15.3.5.6 Scalability Test 386

15.3.5.7 Accuracy Result Analysis 387

15.4 Conclusion and Future Recommendations 389

References 390

Index 393