Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xi
List of Contributors xvi
List of Initial Questions xx
1 Introduction Adam Roberts 1
2 People Power and Protest: The Literature on Civil Resistance in Historical Context April Carter 25
3 Gandhi and Civil Resistance in India, 1917-47: Key Issues Judith M. Brown 43
4 The US Civil Rights Movement: Power from Below and Above, 1945-70 Doug McAdam 58
5 The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in Northern Ireland, 1967-72 Richard English 75
6 The Dialectics of Empire: Soviet Leaders and the Challenge of Civil Resistance in East-Central Europe, 1968-91 Mark Kramer 91
7 Civil Resistance in Czechoslovakia: From Soviet Invasion to 'Velvet Revolution', 1968-89 Kieran Williams 110
8 Towards 'Self-limiting Revolution': Poland, 1970-89 Aleksander Smolar 127
9 Portugal: 'The Revolution of the Carnations', 1974-75 Kenneth Maxwell 144
10 Mass Protests in the Iranian Revolution, 1977-79 Ervand Abrahamian 162
11 'People Power' in the Philippines, 1983-86 Amado Mendoza Jr 179
12 Political Mass Mobilization against Authoritarian Rule: Pinochet's Chile, 1983-88 Carlos Huneeus 197
13 The Interplay of Non-violent and Violent Action in the Movement against Apartheid in South Africa, 1983-94 Tom Lodge 213
14 The Intersection of Ethnic Nationalism and People Power Tactics in the Baltic States, 1987-91 Mark R. Beissinger 231
15 The 1989 Demonstrations in Tiananmen Square and Beyond: Echoes of Gandhi Merle Goldman 247
16 Civil Resistance and Civil Society Lessons from the Collapse of the German Democratic Republic in 1989 Charles S. Maier 260
17 The Limits of Prudence: Civil Resistance in Kosovo, 1990-98Howard Clark 277
18 Civil Society versus Slobodan Milošević: Serbia, 1991-2000 Ivan Vejvoda 295
19 Georgia's 'Rose Revolution' of 2003: Enforcing Peaceful Change Stephen Jones 317
20 Ukraine's 'Orange Revolution' of 2004: The Paradoxes of Negotiation Andrew Wilson 335
21 The Moment of the Monks: Burma, 2007 Christina Fink 354
22 A Century of Civil Resistance: Some Lessons and Questions Timothy Carton Ash 371
Index 391