Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ

Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ

by Elaine E. Castles
Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ

Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ

by Elaine E. Castles

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Overview

Most of us assume that people in every period and in every region of the world have understood and valued intelligence in the same way we do today. Our modern concept of intelligence, however, is actually quite recent, emerging from the dramatic social and scientific changes that rocked the United States during the 19th century. Inventing Intelligence: How America Came to Worship IQ discusses the historical context for understanding the development of the concept of intelligence and the tests used to measure it. The author delves into the intertwined issues of IQ, heredity, and merit to offer a provocative look at how Americans came to overvalue IQ and the personal and social problems that have resulted.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781440803383
Publisher: ABC-CLIO, Incorporated
Publication date: 06/06/2012
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 197
File size: 617 KB

About the Author

Elaine E. Castles, PhD, is a licensed psychologist and the author of "We're People First": The Social and Emotional Lives of Individuals with Mental Retardation.

Table of Contents

Preface vii

Acknowledgments ix

1 Worshipping at the Altar of IQ 1

2 Intelligence in Historical Context: The Colonial Experience 15

3 Science in Nineteenth-Century America: Intellect, Intelligence, and the Science of Man 27

4 Merit and Social Status in Nineteenth-Century America 41

5 Phrenology: A Precursor to IQ Testing 55

6 Intelligence and Its Measurement 65

7 IQ Testing, Social Control, and Merit 79

8 Democratic Ideology and IQ Testing 93

9 A Century of IQ Testing: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same 105

10 Toward a Broader Conception of Intelligence 121

11 Toward a More Balanced Perspective on Heredity and IQ 135

12 Toward a More Equitable Conception of Merit 147

Notes 159

Index 191

What People are Saying About This

John Carson

"Elaine Castles has produced a stimulating overview of the history of intelligence and its tests. Ranging from the Colonial period to the present, she summarizes well a great deal of scholarship on the emergence of the IQ test and its place in American society. She also writes cogently of the dangers of over reliance on single measures such as IQ for the complicated task of assessing an individual's merit."

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