Table of Contents
Series Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Geography 1
Overview 1
Administrative Regions 5
Climate 8
Luzon 10
Mindanao 11
Natural Resources 13
Population 15
Provinces 17
The Sulu Archipelago 21
The Visayas 22
Chapter 2 History 25
Overview 25
Timeline 32
Communism 42
Extrajudicial Killings (EJK) 46
Marcos Dictatorship 47
Muslim Separatism: Update on BARMM 49
People Power Revolution 52
Chapter 3 Government and Politics 55
Overview 55
Armed Forces of the Philippines 58
Association of Southeast Asian Nations 59
Civil Society Organizations 61
Elections 63
Federalism 65
Martial Law 66
Political Clans 68
Post-Marcos Philippines 70
Presidential Emergency Powers 73
Relations with Japan 74
Relations with the People's Republic of China 76
Relations with the United States 77
Warlords 78
Chapter 4 Economy 81
Overview 81
Agriculture 87
Crony Capitalism 91
Economic Assistance 93
Industry 94
Land Reform 96
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) 99
The Service Sector 101
Taxation 102
Trading Partners 104
Chapter 5 Religions 107
Overview 107
Catholicism 108
El Shaddai 114
Iglesia ni Kristo (The Church of Christ) 116
Islam 119
Philippine Independent Church (Aglipayan Church) 122
Precolonial Religions 124
Protestants 125
Chapter 6 Social Class and Ethnicity 129
Overview 129
Bangsamoro Identity 133
Elites 136
Indigenous Peoples (IP) 138
Mestizos 140
The Poor 142
Chapter 7 Gender, Marriage, and Sexuality 147
Overview 147
Family, Economy, and Politics 149
Generational Changes 151
History of the Family Unit 154
LGBTQ 155
Overseas Workers and Their Families 157
Parent-Child Relationships 160
Sexuality 162
Women and Violence 164
Chapter 8 Education 167
Overview 167
Bilingual Education 170
History of Education 173
Kindergarten-to-Grade-Twelve Program 177
Textbooks 181
The University of the Philippines 185
Chapter 9 Languages 189
Overview 189
Carabao English 192
English 193
Filipino or Pilipino? 197
Mother Tongue Teaching 199
National Language Debate 201
Spanish and Philippine Spanish 203
Chapter 10 Etiquette 207
Overview 207
Clothing 210
Courtship 212
Drinking and Dining 214
Fiesta 216
Traffic 218
Chapter 11 Literature and Drama 221
Overview 221
Chick Lit 228
Filipino Novels in English 230
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo 232
Vernacular Literature 235
Chapter 12 Art and Architecture 239
Overview 239
Bahay Kubo (Nipa Hut) 244
Bungalows 245
Burnham, Daniel 246
Locsin, Leandro V. 247
Modern Architecture 249
Painting 250
Sculpture 253
Tattoos 254
Chapter 13 Music and Dance 257
Overview 257
Bayanihan Dance Company 259
Eraserheads 260
History of Dance 263
History of Music 267
Kundiman 271
Nationalist and Political Music 272
Overseas Filipino Performers 274
Singkil 276
Chapter 14 Food 279
Overview 279
Appetizers 281
Desserts 284
Drinks 285
Jollibee 287
Noodles and Bread 289
Snacks and Side Dishes 291
Soups 293
Chapter 15 Leisure and Sports 295
Overview 295
Arnis 298
Baseball 300
Basketball 303
Boxing 306
Cockfighting 308
Pacquiao, Manny 311
Plaza to Mall 312
Sungka, Sipa, and Other Traditional Games 315
Chapter 16 Media and Popular Culture 319
Overview 319
Comics/Komiks 320
Film 322
Print Media 326
Radio 329
Social Networking 332
Television 333
Appendix A A Day in the Life 337
Traffic 337
Karaoke 337
Basketball and Billiards 338
"Joke Only" 338
Appendix B Glossary of Key Terms 339
Appendix C Facts and Figures 347
Appendix D Holidays 353
Selected Bibliography 355
Index 385
