Table of Contents
List of Illustrations xi
Series Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Chronology xxi
Prologue: Slavery, War, and Emancipation xxv
Chapter 1 Wartime Experiments and the Meaning of Freedom 1
Chapter 2 Presidential Reconstruction: The Emerging Conflict 23
Chapter 3 Toward Radical Reconstruction 51
Chapter 4 Congressional Reconstruction at High Tide 77
Chapter 5 Reconstruction in the States 101
Chapter 6 The Defeat of Reconstruction 125
Analytical Essays
Counterfactual Essay: Would Reconstruction Have Been Different If Lincoln Had Lived? 153
Defining Moments Essay: How Did the Passage of the Southern Black Codes Change the Direction of Reconstruction? 159
Document Analysis Essay: The Fourteenth Amendment 167
Perspectives Essay: How Radical Was Radical Reconstruction? 174
Biographical Essays
Adelbert Ames (1835-1933) 183
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906) 184
William G. Brownlow (1805-1877) 184
Blanche K. Bruce (1841-1898) 185
Richard "Daddy" Cain (1825-1887) 186
Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) 186
Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885) 187
Charlotte Forten Gnrnke (1837-1914) 188
Wade Hampton III (1818-1902) 188
Gen. Oliver O. Howard (1830-1909) 189
Andrew Johnson (1808-1875) 190
Lucius Quintus Lamar (1825-1896) 191
P.B. S. Pinchback (1837-1921) 191
Hiram Revels (1827-1901) 192
Carl Schurz (1829-1906) 193
Philip Sheridan (1831-1888) 193
Robert Smalls (1839-1915) 194
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) 195
Thaddeus Stevens (1792-1868) 195
Charles Sumner (1811-1874) 196
Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas (1834-1907) 197
Albion Tourgée (1838-1905) 197
Laura Towne (1825-1901) 198
Primary Documents
1 The Thirteenth Amendment 199
2 Address from the Colored Citizens of Norfolk, Virginia, to the People of the United States 200
3 Mississippi Black Codes 202
4 Circular No. 2, by the Mississippi Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner, Samuel Thomas 207
5 Andrew Johnson, "Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction," May 29, 1865 209
6 Speech of Thaddeus Stevens, December 18, 1865 211
7 1866 Civil Rights Act 214
8 Andrew Johnson, Veto of the Civil Rights Bill, March 27, 1866 216
9 First Reconstruction Act, March 2, 1867 220
10 Andrew Johnson, Veto of the First Military Reconstruction Act, March 2, 1867 222
11 Editorial Response to the Veto of the Military Reconstruction Bill 225
12 Frederick Douglass, "What the Black Man Wants" 227
13 The Fifteenth Amendment 231
14 Elizabeth Cady Stanton on Suffrage 231
15 Charles Sumner on the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson, May 26, 1868 234
16 Case of Fanny Tipton v. Richard Sanford, Huntsville, Alabama, March 24, 1866 237
17 The letter of Phebe Trotter to Provost Marshal and the affidavit of Eliza Avant were enclosed in a letter that Chaplain L. S. Livermoie sent to Lt Col. R. S. Donaldson, January 10, 1866 239
18 Testimony of Isaac A. Postle 240
19 Laura Towne Letters on Election Violence in South Carolina 244
20 Representative James M. Leach's Opposition to the Ku Klux Act, 1871 246
21 Hiram Revels to President U.S. Grant, November 6, 1875 249
22 Adelberr Ames to the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, January, 4, 1876 250
Annotated Bibliography 253
Index 271
