François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), known by his nom de plume Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Roman Catholic Church, as well as his advocacy of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.

François-Marie Arouet, known by his pen name Voltaire, was a towering figure of the Enlightenment, born on November 21, 1694, in Paris, France. A prolific writer, philosopher, and satirist, Voltaire's works spanned plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical studies, all imbued with his sharp wit and unyielding advocacy for civil liberties.Voltaire's life was marked by controversy and conflict with the authorities. His outspoken criticism of the French monarchy and the Catholic Church led to multiple imprisonments and exiles. One of his most infamous incarcerations was in the Bastille, where he was held for nearly a year. His exile to England exposed him to the ideas of constitutional monarchy and freedom of speech, which profoundly influenced his later works.Voltaire was a staunch critic of religious dogma and an advocate for freedom of thought, often clashing with the church. His treatise "Philosophical Letters" praised English society and criticized French institutions, causing an uproar that led to its condemnation and public burning.His influence extended beyond literature; Voltaire corresponded with monarchs like Frederick the Great and Catherine the Great, advising them on governance and reform. His ideas on tolerance, reason, and justice resonated with contemporary writers and thinkers, shaping the intellectual landscape of the 18th century and beyond.Voltaire's legacy endures as a champion of rational inquiry, human rights, and the relentless pursuit of truth. His life and works continue to inspire modern readers to question authority and advocate for a more just and enlightened society.