Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis
They are two of twentieth-century history’s most significant figures, yet today they are largely forgotten – Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, Germany’s First World War leaders. Although defeat in 1918 brought an end to their ‘silent dictatorship’, both generals played a key role in the turbulent politics of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis.

Alexander Clifford, in this perceptive reassessment of their political careers, questions the popular image of these generals in the English-speaking world as honorable ‘Good Germans’. For they were intensely political men, whose ideas and actions shaped the new Germany and ultimately led to Hitler’s dictatorship.

Their poisonous wartime legacy was the infamous stab-in-the-back myth. According to the generals, the true cause of the disastrous defeat in the First World War was the betrayal of the army by politicians, leftists and Jews on the home front. This toxic conspiracy theory polluted Weimar politics and has been labeled the beginning of ‘the twisted road to Auschwitz’.

Hindenburg and Ludendorff’s political fortunes after the war were markedly different. Ludendorff inhabited the far-right fringes and engaged in plots, assassinations and conspiracies, playing a leading role in failed uprisings such as Hitler’s 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Meanwhile Hindenburg was a vastly more successful politician, winning two presidential elections and serving as head of state for nine years. Arguably he bore even more responsibility for the destruction of democracy, for he and the nationalist right he led sought, through Hitler, to remold the Weimar system towards authoritarianism.
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Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis
They are two of twentieth-century history’s most significant figures, yet today they are largely forgotten – Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, Germany’s First World War leaders. Although defeat in 1918 brought an end to their ‘silent dictatorship’, both generals played a key role in the turbulent politics of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis.

Alexander Clifford, in this perceptive reassessment of their political careers, questions the popular image of these generals in the English-speaking world as honorable ‘Good Germans’. For they were intensely political men, whose ideas and actions shaped the new Germany and ultimately led to Hitler’s dictatorship.

Their poisonous wartime legacy was the infamous stab-in-the-back myth. According to the generals, the true cause of the disastrous defeat in the First World War was the betrayal of the army by politicians, leftists and Jews on the home front. This toxic conspiracy theory polluted Weimar politics and has been labeled the beginning of ‘the twisted road to Auschwitz’.

Hindenburg and Ludendorff’s political fortunes after the war were markedly different. Ludendorff inhabited the far-right fringes and engaged in plots, assassinations and conspiracies, playing a leading role in failed uprisings such as Hitler’s 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Meanwhile Hindenburg was a vastly more successful politician, winning two presidential elections and serving as head of state for nine years. Arguably he bore even more responsibility for the destruction of democracy, for he and the nationalist right he led sought, through Hitler, to remold the Weimar system towards authoritarianism.
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Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis

Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis

by Alexander Clifford
Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis

Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hitler: Germany's Generals and the Rise of the Nazis

by Alexander Clifford

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Overview

They are two of twentieth-century history’s most significant figures, yet today they are largely forgotten – Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff, Germany’s First World War leaders. Although defeat in 1918 brought an end to their ‘silent dictatorship’, both generals played a key role in the turbulent politics of the Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazis.

Alexander Clifford, in this perceptive reassessment of their political careers, questions the popular image of these generals in the English-speaking world as honorable ‘Good Germans’. For they were intensely political men, whose ideas and actions shaped the new Germany and ultimately led to Hitler’s dictatorship.

Their poisonous wartime legacy was the infamous stab-in-the-back myth. According to the generals, the true cause of the disastrous defeat in the First World War was the betrayal of the army by politicians, leftists and Jews on the home front. This toxic conspiracy theory polluted Weimar politics and has been labeled the beginning of ‘the twisted road to Auschwitz’.

Hindenburg and Ludendorff’s political fortunes after the war were markedly different. Ludendorff inhabited the far-right fringes and engaged in plots, assassinations and conspiracies, playing a leading role in failed uprisings such as Hitler’s 1923 Beer Hall Putsch. Meanwhile Hindenburg was a vastly more successful politician, winning two presidential elections and serving as head of state for nine years. Arguably he bore even more responsibility for the destruction of democracy, for he and the nationalist right he led sought, through Hitler, to remold the Weimar system towards authoritarianism.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781526783349
Publisher: Pen & Sword Books Limited
Publication date: 01/04/2023
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 368
File size: 29 MB
Note: This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Alexander Clifford is a school teacher by profession, a history graduate who has studied at the universities in Leeds, Munich and Northumbria, and an expert on the Spanish Civil War. He previous work on the war, Divided We Fall, an interactive novel app, followed the lives of four Spaniards during the main events of the conflict both on and behind the lines.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments vii

List of Illustrations viii

Glossary xiii

Political Parties of Weimar Germany xv

Cast of Characters xx

Prologue The Double Act: The Emergence of Hindenburg and Ludendorff xxii

Contrasting backgrounds xxiv

The Great War xxvi

The new Germany xxxiii

Chapter 1 The Stab in the Back: Hindenburg and Ludendorf as Liars-in-Chief 1

Origins 1

Ludendorff as architect: The excuses of a broken man 8

Hindenburg as cheerleader: The myth becomes mainstream 14

Chapter 2 Conspirator: Ludendorf as Public Enemy Number One 28

Paramilitary politics 28

The Kapp Putsch 33

Munich - the far right's playground 53

1923: Year of crisis 64

The Beer Hall Putsch 71

Chapter 3 Figureheads: Hindenburg and Ludendorff as Leadership Contenders 87

On trial 87

The struggle for control 97

The 1925 presidential election 106

Chapter 4 Constitutionalism and Conspiracy Theories: Hindenburg Ascends, Ludendorff Fades 119

Hindenburg: Father of the nation 119

Ludendorff's withdrawal 128

Hindenburg and the Grand Coalition 134

Chapter 5 The Hindenburg Republic: Hindenburg as the Arbiter of German Politics 143

Presidential government 143

The president looks to the right 154

The field marshal versus the lance corporal 164

A cabinet of 'my friends' 177

Hindenburg digs Weimar's grave 196

Epilogue The One-Man Show: Hindenburg and Ludendorf in Eclipse 222

Hindenburg: Willing collaborator 222

Ludendorff's final retreat 233

Hindenburg, Ludendorff and German history 238

Appendix I Elections in the Weimar Republic 242

Appendix II Governments of Hindenburg's Presidency 245

Appendix III Hindenburg's Cabinets 246

Notes 252

Further Reading and Bibliography 281

Index 285

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