Table of Contents
List of contributors ix
Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering xi
Preface xv
Introduction xvii
1 Damage evaluation in concrete materials by acoustic emission T. Suzuki 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Damage estimation of concrete by acoustic emission technique (DeCAT) procedur 1
1.3 Comparison of concrete damage with crack distribution 5
1.4 Application of DeCAT to an in-service concrete structure damaged by earthquake 9
1.5 Concluding remarks and future trends 13
References 14
2 Acoustic emission wireless monitoring of structures G. Lacidogna A. Mannello G. Niccolini F. Accontero A. Carpinieri 15
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Acoustic emission (AE) equipment and wireless transmission System 16
2.3 Real-time AE analysis: damage evaluation 18
2.4 Post-process analysis 19
2.5 Damage classification 22
2.6 Structural monitoring systems for seismic risk evaluation 23
2.7 Applications, observations and results: laboratory tests 24
2.8 Applications, observations and results: in situ monitoring 33
2.9 Conclusions 37
2.10 Future trends 37
Acknowledgements 38
References 38
3 Identification of the fracture process zone in concrete materials by acoustic emission K. Ohno 41
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Characterization of the fracture process zone (FPZ) 41
3.3 The process of crack growth and fracture 44
3.4 Experimental investigation of the FPZ by acoustic emission (AE) source location 46
3.5 Measurement and results of SiGMA analysis 47
3.6 Conclusions 52
3.7 Future trends and further related information 52
References 54
4 Corrosion-induced cracks in concrete and hybrid non-destructive evaluation (NDE) for evaluation in rebar corrosion Y. Kawasaki T. Okamoto K. Izuno 57
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 The corrosion process in concrete 57
4.3 Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) for corrosion in rebar 59
4.4 Estimation of potentials on rebar surface by PiBEM 61
4.5 Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring in the corrosion process 62
4.6 Application of hybrid NDE and results 70
4.7 Conclusions 75
References 76
5 Seismology-based acoustic emission techniques for the monitoring of fracture processes in concrete structures L. Mhamdi T. Schumacher L. Linzer 79
5.1 Introduction and background 79
5.2 The acoustic emission (AE) measurement process 83
5.3 b-Value analysis 85
5.4 Moment tensor inversion 92
5.5 Strengths and limitations 104
5.6 Summary and conclusions 106
5.7 Future trends 106
Acknowledgements 108
References 108
6 Acoustic emission monitoring and quantitative evaluation of damage in concrete beams under creep J. Saliba A. Loukili F. Grondin 113
6.1 Introduction 113
6.2 Creep behavior of concrete 114
6.3 Application of the acoustic emission (AE) technique to discriminate the creep effect on the cracking behavior 117
6.4 Assessment of damage mechanisms occurring under creep 123
6.5 Conclusions 132
References 132
7 Laboratory investigations on concrete fracture using acoustic emission techniques R. Vidya Sagar B.K. Raghu Prasad R.K. Singh 137
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Acoustic emission (AE) studies in concrete 138
7.3 AE energy release during fracture process in concrete 139
7.4 Finite element analysis of concrete fracture and comparison with AE testing 139
7.5 Applications and results 140
7.6 Conclusions 154
References 155
8 Monitoring of crack propagation in reinforced concrete beams using embedded piezoelectric transducers C. Dumoulin G. Karaiskos A. Deraemaeker 161
8.1 Introduction 161
8.2 Embedded transducers for ultrasonic testing of concrete 162
8.3 Extraction of a damage indicator from ultrasonic waves 164
8.4 Application to crack monitoring in a reinforced concrete beam 167
8.5 Conclusion 171
8.6 Future trends 172
8.7 Sources of further information and advice 173
References 173
9 Quantitative estimation of rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete by thermography H. Oshita 177
9.1 Introduction 177
9.2 Outline of the proposed technique 178
9.3 Temperature at surface of concrete related to corrosion properties of rebar 184
9.4 Surface temperature property of reinforced concrete (RC) with partially corroded rebar 188
9.5 Predictive model for the corrosion rate 197
9.6 Applicability of the proposed model 201
9.7 Concluding remarks 202
9.8 Future trends 203
References 203
10 Estimation of concrete strength by the contrast X-ray method M. Takeda K. Otsuka 205
10.1 Introduction 205
10.2 The contrast X-ray method 205
10.3 Test results 209
10.4 Conclusions 215
10.5 Future trends 215
References 216
11 Low-level acoustic emission (AE) in the long-term monitoring of concrete P. Ziehl M. ElBatanouny 217
11.1 Introduction 217
11.2 Damage mechanisms for which low-level acoustic emission (AE) is needed 217
11.3 Damage mechanisms for which low-level AE is not appropriate 221
11.4 Separation of noise from data of interest 222
11.5 Special considerations for wireless sensing 223
11.6 Case studies 223
11.7 Conclusions and recommendations 233
References 234
12 Artificial neural network analysis of acoustic emission data during longtime corrosion monitoring of post-tensioned concrete structures E. Proverbio L. Calabrese 237
12.1 Introduction 237
12.2 Corrosion mechanisms in post-tensioned concrete structures 238
12.3 Monitoring of post-tensioned concrete structures by acoustic emission (AE) 240
12.4 Numerical modelling and experimental analysis 241
12.5 Application, measurement and results 246
12.6 Conclusions 264
12.7 Future trends 264
References 265
13 Acoustic monitoring for the evaluation of concrete structures and materials D.G. Aggelis A.C. Mpalaskas T.E. Matikas 269
13.1 Introduction 269
13.2 Acoustic emission 270
13.3 Continuous monitoring 272
13.4 Wireless systems 274
13.5 Optimal performance and maintenance of highway bridges 274
13.6 Conclusion 283
Acknowledgment 284
References 284
Index 287
