American Literature, Lynching, and the Spectator in the Crowd: Spectacular Violence

by Debbie Lelekis Florida Institute of Technology

Overview

American Literature, Lynching, and the Spectator in the Crowd: Spectacular Violence examines spectatorship in American literature at the turn of the twentieth century, focusing on texts by Theodore Dreiser, Miriam Michelson, Irvin S. Cobb, and Paul Laurence Dunbar. The spectator functions as a lens through which we view the relationship between violence and social change as depicted in the politically-charged crowds of fictional lynch mob scenes that expose the central tension of American democracy—the struggle for balance between the rights of the individual and the demands of the community. This has played out in American fiction through clashes between crowds and the primarily rural images that have so often been used to describe America. While this pastoral vision of America has dominated the study of American literature, this book argues for a reassessment of fiction that takes into consideration that the way the country defines itself collectively is as significant as the way its people define themselves individually.
This study distinguishes itself from others by bringing together journalism, crowds, lynching, spectatorship, and literature in new and innovative ways that uncover how American literature at the turn of the twentieth century confronted and pushed beyond passive observation and static visual performances, which are traditionally associated with the terms "spectator" and "spectacle." The crowds in fictional lynch mob scenes clash with the idea of positive collective action because the crowd's vigilantism defies legitimate legal and democratic processes. Lynch mobs, in contrast to other crowds like strikes or political rallies, do not reclaim the democratic process from the control of the powerful and wealthy, but rather oppose those practices violently without regard to justice. As a figure who is simultaneously within and outside the crowd, the spectator (often in the form of a reporter character) is in a unique position to express the fractures occurring between the individual and the collective in American society. Racial conflicts are a key aspect of the crowd scenes examined. American writers contended with these issues by using the spectator to observe, question, and challenge readers to consider the impact on the structure of American society.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781498506359
Publisher:	Lexington Books
Publication date:	10/08/2015
Pages:	126
Product dimensions:	5.90(w) x 9.10(h) x 0.60(d)

About the Author

Debbie Lelekis is assistant professor of English at the Florida Institute of Technology.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: A Critical Introduction
Spectatorship and the Evolution of Crowds in Literature
The Intersection of Journalism, Politics, and Fiction
Chapter 2: Reporting the Crowd
Chapter 3: The Female Reporter as Spectator and Spectacle
Chapter 4: Confronting the Crowd and Vigilante Violence
Chapter 5: Recounting the Horror of the Spectacle
Bibliography
Index
About the Author

Editorial Reviews

This is a rich and intelligent analysis of an important—but rarely investigated—field of U.S. literary and cultural history. Lelekis’s study recovers the work of influential turn-of-the-century writers such as Irvin Cobb and Miriam Michelson, and it reexamines key texts by more canonical figures, such as Theodore Dreiser and Paul Laurence Dunbar, asking how these authors explored and questioned American principles of democracy through representations of mob violence and spectators. By focusing long-overdue attention on the complex relations between journalists, crowds, and fictional narratives, Lelekis’s work sheds new light on the intersectionality of race, gender, and spectatorship in turn-of-the-century U.S. culture.

William Scott