Analog Integrated Circuit Design / Edition 2

by Tony Chan Carusone, David A. Johns, Kenneth W. Martin

Overview

When first published in 1996, this text by David Johns and Kenneth Martin quickly became a leading textbook for the advanced course on Analog IC Design. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated by Tony Chan Carusone, a University of Toronto colleague of Drs. Johns and Martin.  Dr. Chan Carusone is a specialist in analog and digital IC design in communications and signal processing. This edition features extensive new material on CMOS IC device modeling, processing and layout.  Coverage has been added on several types of circuits that have increased in importance in the past decade, such as generalized integer-N phase locked loops and their phase noise analysis, voltage regulators, and 1.5b-per-stage pipelined A/D converters.  Two new chapters have been added to make the book more accessible to beginners in the field: frequency response of analog ICs; and basic theory of feedback amplifiers. 

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780470770108
Publisher:	Wiley
Publication date:	12/13/2011
Series:	CourseSmart Series
Edition description:	2nd ed.
Pages:	816
Product dimensions:	7.50(w) x 9.40(h) x 1.30(d)

About the Author

Tony Chan Carusone completed the B.A.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees at the University of Toronto in 1997 and 2002 respectvely, during which tme he received the Governor-General's Silver Medal. Since 2001, he has been with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto where he is currently an Associate Professor. From 2002 to 2007 he held the Canada Research Chair in Integrated Systems and in 2008 was a visitng researcher at the University of Pavia. He is also an occasional consultant to industry, having worked for Snowbush Inc., Gennum Corp., and Intel Corp., all in the area of high-speed links. Tony was a co-author of the best student papers at both the 2007 and 2008 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference and the best paper at the 2005 Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Symposium. He is an appointed member of the Administratve Commitee of the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society, a member and past chair of the Analog Signal Processing Technical Commitee for the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, and a past member and chair of the Wireline Communicatons subcommitee of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference. He has served as a guest editor for both the IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits and the IEEE Transactons on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, and served on the editorial board of the IEEE Transactons on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs from 2006 untl 2009 when he was Editor-in-Chief.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT DEVICES AND MODELLING 1

1.1 Semiconductors and pn Junctions 1

1.2 MOS Transistors 14

1.3 Device Model Summary 38

1.4 Advanced MOS Modelling 42

1.5 SPICE Modelling Parameters 50

1.6 Passive Devices 54

1.7 Appendix 60

1.8 Key Points 68

1.9 References 69

1.10 Problems 69

CHAPTER 2 PROCESSING AND LAYOUT 73

2.1 CMOS Processing 73

2.2 CMOS Layout and Design Rules 86

2.3 Variability and Mismatch 96

2.4 Analog Layout Considerations 103

2.5 Key Points 113

2.6 References 114

2.7 Problems 114

CHAPTER 3 BASIC CURRENT MIRRORS AND SINGLE-STAGE AMPLIFIERS 117

3.1 Simple CMOS Current Mirror 118

3.2 Common-Source Amplifier 120

3.3 Source-Follower or Common-Drain Amplifier 122

3.4 Common-Gate Amplifier 124

3.5 Source-Degenerated Current Mirrors 127

3.6 Cascode Current Mirrors 129

3.7 Cascode Gain Stage 131

3.8 MOS Differential Pair and Gain Stage 135

3.9 Key Points 138

3.10 References 139

3.11 Problems 139

CHAPTER 4 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS 144

4.1 Frequency Response of Linear Systems 144

4.2 Frequency Response of Elementary Transistor Circuits 165

4.3 Cascode Gain Stage 181

4.4 Source-Follower Amplifier 187

4.5 Differential Pair 193

4.6 Key Points 197

4.7 References 198

4.8 Problems 199

CHAPTER 5 FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS 204

5.1 Ideal Model of Negative Feedback 204

5.2 Dynamic Response of Feedback Amplifiers 208

5.3 First- and Second-Order Feedback Systems 213

5.4 Common Feedback Amplifiers 220

5.5 Summary of Key Points 235

5.6 References 235

5.7 Problems 236

CHAPTER 6 BASIC OPAMP DESIGN AND COMPENSATION 242

6.1 Two-Stage CMOS Opamp 242

6.2 Opamp Compensation 254

6.3 Advanced Current Mirrors 261

6.4 Folded-Cascode Opamp 268

6.5 Current Mirror Opamp 275

6.6 Linear Settling Time Revisited 279

6.7 Fully Differential Opamps 281

6.8 Common-Mode Feedback Circuits 288

6.9 Summary of Key Points 292

6.10 References 293

6.11 Problems 294

CHAPTER 7 BIASING, REFERENCES, AND REGULATORS 302

7.1 Analog Integrated Circuit Biasing 302

7.2 Establishing Constant Transconductance 307

7.3 Establishing Constant Voltages and Currents 310

7.4 Voltage Regulation 321

7.5 Summary of Key Points 327

7.6 References 327

7.7 Problems 328

CHAPTER 8 BIPOLAR DEVICES AND CIRCUITS 331

8.1 Bipolar-Junction Transistors 331

8.2 Bipolar Device Model Summary 344

8.3 SPICE Modeling 345

8.4 Bipolar and BICMOS Processing 346

8.5 Bipolar Current Mirrors and Gain Stages 349

8.6 Appendix 356

8.7 Summary of Key Points 359

8.8 References 360

8.9 Problems 360

CHAPTER 9 NOISE AND LINEARITY ANALYSIS AND MODELLING 363

9.1 Time-Domain Analysis 363

9.2 Frequency-Domain Analysis 367

9.3 Noise Models for Circuit Elements 377

9.4 Noise Analysis Examples 387

9.5 Dynamic Range Performance 397

9.6 Key Points 405

9.7 References 406

9.8 Problems 406

CHAPTER 10 COMPARATORS 413

10.1 Comparator Specifications 413

10.2 Using an Opamp for a Comparator 415

10.3 Charge-Injection Errors 418

10.4 Latched Comparators 426

10.5 Examples of CMOS and BiCMOS Comparators 431

10.6 Examples of Bipolar Comparators 437

10.7 Key Points 439

10.8 References 440

10.9 Problems 440

CHAPTER 11 SAMPLE-AND-HOLD AND TRANSLINEAR CIRCUITS 444

11.1 Performance of Sample-and-Hold Circuits 444

11.2 MOS Sample-and-Hold Basics 446

11.3 Examples of CMOS S/H Circuits 452

11.4 Bipolar and BiCMOS Sample-and-Holds 456

11.5 Translinear Gain Cell 460

11.6 Translinear Multiplier 462

11.7 Key Points 464

11.8 References 465

11.9 Problems 466

CHAPTER 12 CONTINUOUS-TIME FILTERS 469

12.1 Introduction to Continuous-Time Filters 469

12.2 Introduction to Gm-C Filters 471

12.3 Transconductors Using Fixed Resistors 479

12.4 CMOS Transconductors Using Triode Transistors 484

12.5 CMOS Transconductors Using Active Transistors 493

12.6 Bipolar Transconductors 500

12.7 BiCMOS Transconductors 506

12.8 Active RC and MOSFET-C Filters 509

12.9 Tuning Circuitry 516

12.10 Introduction to Complex Filters 525

12.11 Key Points 531

12.12 References 532

12.13 Problems 534

CHAPTER 13 DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS 537

13.1 Overview of Some Signal Spectra 537

13.2 Laplace Transforms of Discrete-Time Signals 537

13.3 z-Transform 541

13.4 Downsampling and Upsampling 543

13.5 Discrete-Time Filters 545

13.6 Sample-and-Hold Response 552

13.7 Key Points 554

13.8 References 555

13.9 Problems 555

CHAPTER 14 SWITCHED-CAPACITOR CIRCUITS 557

14.1 Basic Building Blocks 557

14.2 Basic Operation and Analysis 560

14.3 Noise in Switched-Capacitor Circuits 570

14.4 First-Order Filters 572

14.5 Biquad Filters 577

14.6 Charge Injection 585

14.7 Switched-Capacitor Gain Circuits 588

14.8 Correlated Double-Sampling Techniques 593

14.9 Other Switched-Capacitor Circuits 594

14.10 Key Points 600

14.11 References 601

14.12 Problems 602

CHAPTER 15 DATA CONVERTER FUNDAMENTALS 606

15.1 Ideal D/A Converter 606

15.2 Ideal A/D Converter 608

15.3 Quantization Noise 609

15.4 Signed Codes 612

15.5 Performance Limitations 614

15.6 Key Points 620

15.7 References 620

15.8 Problems 620

CHAPTER 16 NYQUIST-RATE D/A CONVERTERS 623

16.1 Decoder-Based Converters 623

16.2 Binary-Scaled Converters 628

16.3 Thermometer-Code Converters 634

16.4 Hybrid Converters 640

16.5 Key Points 642

16.6 References 643

16.7 Problems 643

CHAPTER 17 NYQUIST-RATE A/D CONVERTERS 646

17.1 Integrating Converters 646

17.2 Successive-Approximation Converters 650

17.3 Algorithmic (or Cyclic) A/D Converter 662

17.4 Pipelined A/D Converters 665

17.5 Flash Converters 673

17.6 Two-Step A/D Converters 677

17.7 Interpolating A/D Converters 680

17.8 Folding A/D Converters 683

17.9 Time-Interleaved A/D Converters 687

17.10 Key Points 690

17.11 References 691

17.12 Problems 692

CHAPTER 18 OVERSAMPLING CONVERTERS 696

18.1 Oversampling without Noise Shaping 696

18.2 Oversampling with Noise Shaping 702

18.3 System Architectures 711

18.4 Digital Decimation Filters 714

18.5 Higher-Order Modulators 718

18.6 Bandpass Oversampling Converters 721

18.7 Practical Considerations 722

18.8 Multi-Bit Oversampling Converters 727

18.9 Third-Order A/D Design Example 730

18.10 Key Points 732

18.11 References 734

18.12 Problems 735

CHAPTER 19 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS 738

19.1 Basic Phase-Locked Loop Architecture 738

19.2 Linearized Small-Signal Analysis 748

19.3 Jitter and Phase Noise 756

19.4 Electronic Oscillators 765

19.5 Jitter and Phase Noise in PLLS 777

19.6 Key Points 781

19.7 References 782

19.8 Problems 782

INDEX 787