Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World

by Joshua B. Freeman

Overview

"Freeman’s rich and ambitious Behemoth depicts a world in retreat that still looms large in the national imagination.…More than an economic history, or a chronicle of architectural feats and labor movements." —Jennifer Szalai, New York Times

In an accessible and timely work of scholarship, celebrated historian Joshua B. Freeman tells the story of the factory and examines how it has reflected both our dreams and our nightmares of industrialization and social change. He whisks readers from the early textile mills that powered the Industrial Revolution to the factory towns of New England to today’s behemoths making sneakers, toys, and cellphones in China and Vietnam. Behemoth offers a piercing perspective on how factories have shaped our societies and the challenges we face now.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780393246322
Publisher:	Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc.
Publication date:	02/27/2018
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	448
Sales rank:	979,746
File size:	21 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Joshua B. Freeman is a Distinguished Professor of History at Queens College and the Graduate Center of CUNY. His previous books include American Empire and Working-Class New York, among others. He lives in New York City.

Table of Contents

Introduction xi

Chapter 1 "Like Minerva From The Brain Of Jupiter" The Invention of the Factory 1

Chapter 2 "The Living Light" New England Textiles and Visions of Utopia 43

Chapter 3 "The Progress Of Civilization" Industrial Exhibitions, Steelmaking, and the Price of Prometheanism 80

Chapter 4 "I Worship Factories" Fordism, Labor, and the Romance of the Giant Factory 118

Chapter 5 "Communism Is Soviet Power Plus The Electrification Of The Whole Country" Crash Industrialization in the Soviet Union 169

Chapter 6 "Common Requirements Of Industrialization" Gold War Mass Production 226

Chapter 7 "Foxconn City" Giant Factories in China and Vietnam 270

Conclusion 314

Acknowledgements 323

Notes 327

Illustration Credits 401

Index 403

Editorial Reviews

01/01/2018
In this expansive new book, Freeman (history, Queens Coll.; Working-Class New York) traces the history of factories from their advent in 18th-century England to their dissemination throughout America and the Soviet Union as 20th-century symbols of progress and modernity, and finally their migration to China and other countries in Asia. A recurring character throughout is American carmaker Henry Ford, and an integral idea to factories is that of mass production and automation. The book satisfyingly shows the undiscriminating reach of Fordism from America to Nazi Germany and Stalinist Russia. Besides focusing on the rise and spread of factories, changes in factory labor, and creation and struggle of unions, Freeman also looks at the way factories permeated the culture of art, literature, movies, and politics. Present-day factories are bigger than ever but are no longer the beacons of culture, progress, and modernity they once were. Instead, factory life is shrouded in mystery and working conditions are mired in scandal. VERDICT Freeman has provided an ambitious, sweeping, and well-researched history of factories, which remains accessible and relevant to general readers.—Timothy Berge, SUNY Oswego Lib.

Library Journal

…accessible, cogent, occasionally riveting and thoroughly new. The history of large factories, as Freeman outlines it, is the history of the modern world and most everything we see, experience and touch. At a time when the ghost of the American dream hovers over headlines ranging from free trade vs. protectionism to opioid addiction and other so-called diseases of despair, Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World should be required reading for all Americans…

The New York Times Book Review - Beth Macy

Joshua B. Freeman's rich and ambitious Behemoth: A History of the Factory and the Making of the Modern World depicts a world in retreat that still looms large in the national imagination. Behemoth is more than an economic history, or a chronicle of architectural feats and labor movements. Freeman…traces the rise of the factory and how it became entwined with Enlightenment ideas of progress—"the notion that through human effort and rationality the world could be transformed toward greater abundance, well-being and moral order"…Freeman handles all of this material with the seriousness it deserves. If Behemoth can feel a little slow-going at times, that's partly because of the knottiness of the history Freeman lays out, as well as his honorable refusal to resort to simplistic notions of grand progress or portentous doom…Behemoth doesn't romanticize the earlier incarnations of gigantic factories, but Freeman understands why some people did—and still do.

The New York Times - Jennifer Szalai

★ 12/04/2017
Freeman (American Empire), professor of history at Queens College and the CUNY Graduate Center, recounts the development of the factory, which over the past 300 years has come to symbolize both utopian possibilities and appalling realities. He notes that “we live in a factory-made world,” yet most consumers know little about these places or the experiences of those who work in them. Freeman begins in 18th-century England with the first factories, which were synonymous with filth and misery—William Blake’s “dark satanic mills.” He moves to 19th-century New England, where paternal industrialists hoped that they could both reap large profits and provide their employees with excellent working conditions; their idealism was soon replaced by a drive for ever-greater profits. Freeman is sharply critical of the technocrats and managers who regularly attempt to reduce wages and increase control over labor, yet he also sees the factory as a workplace that holds the possibility of liberation; Ford auto workers’ successful unionizing efforts, for example, “gave mass production a new, more democratic meaning.” Freeman goes on to describe modern Chinese factories, noting that some have become notorious for conditions that have caused workers to commit suicide, while others offer lavish recreational amenities that are irresistible to rural migrants. This wide-ranging book offers readers an excellent foundation for understanding how their possessions are made, as well as how the factory system affects society. (Feb.)

Publishers Weekly

"A global tour of three centuries, from English textile mills to Detroit steel plants to Chinese iPhone factories."

Newsday

"Freeman uses the history of the factory as a way to re-examine how workers are treated worldwide."

Pacific Standard

"A global tour of three centuries, from English textile mills to Detroit steel plants to Chinese iPhone factories."

Newsday - Tom Beer

"An effortless and engaging guide."

New Republic - David Sessions

"Freeman uses the history of the factory as a way to re-examine how workers are treated worldwide."

Pacific Standard - Bradley Babendir

"You may have no detailed knowledge of factories except that they can be converted into cool lofts. In that case, you’ll learn much from historian Joshua Freeman."

Wall Street Journal - Jonathan Rose

"Excellent."

National Book Review

"Fascinating. . . . A compulsively readable cultural history of the birth and development of factories and their impact on society."

Bookpage

"[An] immersive, trivia-packed history."

Slate - Henry Grabar

"Freeman has written a superb account.… Almost every page contains a memorable fact or an intriguing thought."

Guardian - Ian Jack

"Rich and ambitious. . . . More than an economic history, or a chronicle of architectural feats and labor movements, Behemoth depicts a world in retreat that still looms large in the national imagination."

New York Times - Jennifer Szalai

"[A] lively chronicle of the factory.… [Freeman] delves into the nitty-gritty of manufacturing. He successfully melds together those nuggets with social history, on the shop floor and beyond the factory walls."

Economist

"Fascinating. . . Freeman shows how factories have had an overwhelming influence on the way we work, think, move, play and fight."

Scott W. Berg

"Ranging from the early industrial revolution in England to the factories in modern-day China that produce iPhones, with stops along the way in New England mill towns, Henry Ford’s Detroit and Stalin’s Russia, this remarkable book traces the history of the giant factory and the people—capital, labor, consumers, and fascinated observers—whose lives it shaped. If you want to know where the world we live in came from, this is a good place to start."

Eric Foner

"[A] lively chronicle of the factory.… [Freeman] delves into the nitty-gritty of manufacturing. He successfully melds together those nuggets with social history, on the shop floor and beyond the factory walls."

Economist

We talk a great deal about jobs. Now comes an audiobook about the places where the jobs come. And go. The author has written a marvelous history of the physical and intellectual effect that factories have had on the United States and the world, especially the fear and wonder that factories have inspired over their approximately 300-year history. Narrator Stephen Bowlby approaches this audiobook as a straightforward work of history, using his deep voice to simply tell the story rather than to put his personal imprint on it. He does, however, dive deeply into character voices that are entertaining but seem to come out of nowhere compared to his inelastic reading of the narrative. R.I.G. © AudioFile 2018, Portland, Maine

MAY 2018 - AudioFile

2017-11-22
Wide-ranging study of the world's factories over the last three centuries.The birthplace of the factory may have been England, as Freeman (History/Queen's Coll.; American Empire: The Rise of a Global Power, the Democratic Revolution at Home 1945-2000, 2012, etc.) writes, but the idea of concentrated labor spread quickly throughout the world, with changes befitting local conditions as it went. For example, whereas the British countryside was crowded and full of employable men, the hinterlands of New England were not, leading capitalists there to find "a brilliant solution in the recruitment of young women" who, coming and going into marriage and their family households, would be a constantly changing cast of characters and not a "permanent proletariat." With workers came management theories such as Taylorism, named for Frederick Winslow Taylor, who, of a liberal and educated Philadelphia family, defied expectations to become first a factory worker and then a consultant on factory labor—and whose practices "meant a loss of autonomy and an attack on craft pride" in the eyes of many workers and activists, lending credence to Marxist ideas of labor value and alienation. As Freeman notes, industrial work has fallen off considerably in the U.S., which has led to wholesale re-evaluations of the political place of unions, the role of workers in mass progressive movements, and so forth, even as manufacturing work has remained mostly steady worldwide, with about a third of the workforce engaged in industry, most employed in factories. The author also notes that factories have life cycles just as does everything else, though these are recognized differently from place to place. In China, for instance, tinkering with the industrial mix and downsizing for efficiency would run the risk of igniting political opposition, with the result that "the Chinese government moves gingerly in its prolonged effort to shut down unneeded or inefficient state-owned factory giants."We are all implicated in the world of the giant factory, but students of economic history and geopolitics in particular will find much of value here.

Kirkus Reviews