Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America
The rise of both the empire of cotton and the empire of fashion in the nineteenth century brought new opportunities for sartorial self-expression to millions of ordinary people who could now afford to dress in style and assert their physical presence. Millions of laborers toiling in cotton fields and producing cotton cloth in industrial mills faced a brutal reality of exploitation, servitude, and regimentation—yet they also had a profound desire to express their selfhood. Another transformative force of this era—the rise of literary publication and the radical extension of literacy to the working class—opened an avenue for them to do so.

Cloth and clothing provide potent tropes not only for physical but also for intellectual forms of self-expression. Drawing on sources ranging from fugitive slave narratives, newspapers, manifestos, and mill workers’ magazines to fiction, poetry, and autobiographies, Clothed in Meaning examines the significant part played by mill workers and formerly enslaved people, many of whom still worked picking cotton, in this revolution of literary self-expression. They created a new literature from their palpable daily intimacy with cotton, cloth, and clothing, as well as from their encounters with grimly innovative modes of work. In the materials of their labor they discovered vivid tropes for formulating their ideas and an exotic and expert language for articulating them. The harsh conditions of their work helped foster in their writing a trenchant irony toward the demeaning reduction of human beings to “hands” whose minds were unworthy of interest. Ultimately, Clothed in Meaning provides an essential examination of the intimate connections between oppression and luxury as recorded in the many different voices of nineteenth-century labor.
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Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America
The rise of both the empire of cotton and the empire of fashion in the nineteenth century brought new opportunities for sartorial self-expression to millions of ordinary people who could now afford to dress in style and assert their physical presence. Millions of laborers toiling in cotton fields and producing cotton cloth in industrial mills faced a brutal reality of exploitation, servitude, and regimentation—yet they also had a profound desire to express their selfhood. Another transformative force of this era—the rise of literary publication and the radical extension of literacy to the working class—opened an avenue for them to do so.

Cloth and clothing provide potent tropes not only for physical but also for intellectual forms of self-expression. Drawing on sources ranging from fugitive slave narratives, newspapers, manifestos, and mill workers’ magazines to fiction, poetry, and autobiographies, Clothed in Meaning examines the significant part played by mill workers and formerly enslaved people, many of whom still worked picking cotton, in this revolution of literary self-expression. They created a new literature from their palpable daily intimacy with cotton, cloth, and clothing, as well as from their encounters with grimly innovative modes of work. In the materials of their labor they discovered vivid tropes for formulating their ideas and an exotic and expert language for articulating them. The harsh conditions of their work helped foster in their writing a trenchant irony toward the demeaning reduction of human beings to “hands” whose minds were unworthy of interest. Ultimately, Clothed in Meaning provides an essential examination of the intimate connections between oppression and luxury as recorded in the many different voices of nineteenth-century labor.
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Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America

Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America

by Sylvia Jenkins Cook
Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America

Clothed in Meaning: Literature, Labor, and Cotton in Nineteenth-Century America

by Sylvia Jenkins Cook

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Overview

The rise of both the empire of cotton and the empire of fashion in the nineteenth century brought new opportunities for sartorial self-expression to millions of ordinary people who could now afford to dress in style and assert their physical presence. Millions of laborers toiling in cotton fields and producing cotton cloth in industrial mills faced a brutal reality of exploitation, servitude, and regimentation—yet they also had a profound desire to express their selfhood. Another transformative force of this era—the rise of literary publication and the radical extension of literacy to the working class—opened an avenue for them to do so.

Cloth and clothing provide potent tropes not only for physical but also for intellectual forms of self-expression. Drawing on sources ranging from fugitive slave narratives, newspapers, manifestos, and mill workers’ magazines to fiction, poetry, and autobiographies, Clothed in Meaning examines the significant part played by mill workers and formerly enslaved people, many of whom still worked picking cotton, in this revolution of literary self-expression. They created a new literature from their palpable daily intimacy with cotton, cloth, and clothing, as well as from their encounters with grimly innovative modes of work. In the materials of their labor they discovered vivid tropes for formulating their ideas and an exotic and expert language for articulating them. The harsh conditions of their work helped foster in their writing a trenchant irony toward the demeaning reduction of human beings to “hands” whose minds were unworthy of interest. Ultimately, Clothed in Meaning provides an essential examination of the intimate connections between oppression and luxury as recorded in the many different voices of nineteenth-century labor.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780472126798
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Publication date: 08/25/2020
Series: Class : Culture
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 328
File size: 2 MB

About the Author

Sylvia Jenkins Cook is Emeritus Professor of English, University of Missouri-St.Louis.

Table of Contents

Contents

Introduction

Chapter 1. “O Dear, How the Factory Girls Do Rig Up!”: Dressing Up and Speaking Out at Lowell

Chapter 2. A Metaphor-Making Argument

Chapter 3. “Think What I Have Felt”: William Grimes

Chapter 4. “Tricked Out”: Dress and Nakedness

Chapter 5. Strong Spheres and Elegant Arts: The “Real Presence” of Slaves in Stowe’s Dred

Chapter 6. The Empire of Fashion and the Empire of Cotton

Chapter 7. “The Ebony Pen of an Ambitious Lady”: The Coiffeuse and the Modiste

Chapter 8. “Depth of Thought and Flights of Eloquence”: Epics of Cotton

Conclusion: The Material of Expression

Acknowledgments

Notes

Works Cited

Index

What People are Saying About This

Georgetown University Lori Merish

“A powerful and timely contribution to U.S. literary studies and working-class studies. . . . Stylishly written, impeccably researched, and carefully argued, it presents a deft, textured analysis of the meanings of cloth and clothing in the writings of a diverse array of Anglo-American and African American authors.”
—Lori Merish, Georgetown University

The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education - Sylvia Jenkins Cook

Featured in the Journal of Blacks in Higher Education as a "Recent Book of Interest for African American Scholars" 

The Ohio State University Susan S. Williams

“Returns boldly to decade-long conversations about the literariness of African American writing. Cook includes a vast array of texts, from early slave narratives and novels to end-of-the-century writings by Washington, Chesnutt, and Du Bois to WPA interviews with former slaves.”
—Susan S. Williams, The Ohio State University

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