Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface

by David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy

Overview

"This book trains the student with the concepts needed to lay a solid foundation for joining this exciting field. More importantly, this book provides a framework for thinking about computer organization and design that will enable the reader to continue the lifetime of learning necessary for staying at the forefront of this competitive discipline."

--John Crawford
Intel Fellow
Director of Microprocessor Architecture, Intel

The performance of software systems is dramatically affected by how well software designers understand the basic hardware technologies at work in a system. Similarly, hardware designers must understand the far reaching effects their design decisions have on software applications. For readers in either category, this classic introduction to the field provides a deep look into the computer. It demonstrates the relationship between the software and hardware and focuses on the foundational concepts that are the basis for current computer design.

Using a distinctive "learning by evolution" approach the authors present each idea from its first principles, guiding readers through a series of worked examples that incrementally add more complex instructions until they have acquired an understanding of the entire MIPS instruction set and the fundamentals of assembly language. Computer arithmetic, pipelining, and memory hierarchies are treated to the same evolutionary approach with worked examples and incremental drawings supporting each new level of sophistication. The design, performance, and significance of I/O systems is also discussed in depth, and an entire chapter is devoted to the emerging architectures of multiprocessor systems.

Special features in each chapter

• Real Stuff provides relevant, tangible examples of how the concepts from the chapter are implemented in commercially successful products.
• Fallacies and Pitfalls share the hard-won lessons of the authors and other designers in industry.
• Big Pictures allow the reader to keep major insights in focus while studying the details.
• Key terms, all fully defined in an end-of-book glossary, summarize the essential ideas introduced in the chapter.

Instructors are invited to request an examination copy.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780124078864
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	09/30/2013
Series:	ISSN
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	800
File size:	16 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

ACM named David A. Patterson a recipient of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award for pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry. David A. Patterson is the Pardee Chair of Computer Science, Emeritus at the University of California Berkeley. His teaching has been honored by the Distinguished Teaching Award from the University of California, the Karlstrom Award from ACM, and the Mulligan Education Medal and Undergraduate Teaching Award from IEEE. Patterson received the IEEE Technical Achievement Award and the ACM Eckert-Mauchly Award for contributions to RISC, and he shared the IEEE Johnson Information Storage Award for contributions to RAID. He also shared the IEEE John von Neumann Medal and the C&C Prize with John Hennessy. Like his co-author, Patterson is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Computer History Museum, ACM, and IEEE, and he was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Sciences, and the Silicon Valley Engineering Hall of Fame. He served on the Information Technology Advisory Committee to the U.S. President, as chair of the CS division in the Berkeley EECS department, as chair of the Computing Research Association, and as President of ACM. This record led to Distinguished Service Awards from ACM, CRA, and SIGARCH.
ACM named John L. Hennessy a recipient of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award for pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry. John L. Hennessy is a Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Stanford University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1977 and was, from 2000 to 2016, its tenth President. Prof. Hennessy is a Fellow of the IEEE and ACM; a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Science, and the American Philosophical Society; and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among his many awards are the 2001 Eckert-Mauchly Award for his contributions to RISC technology, the 2001 Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award, and the 2000 John von Neumann Award, which he shared with David Patterson. He has also received seven honorary doctorates.

Table of Contents

Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface, Second Edition
by David A. Patterson and John L. Hennessy

Foreword
Worked Examples
Computer Organization and Design Online
Preface
1 Computer Abstractions and Technology
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Below Your Program
1.3 Under the Covers
1.4 Integrated Circuits: Fueling Innovation
1.5 Real Stuff: Manufacturing Pentium Chips
1.6 Fallacies and Pitfalls
1.8 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
1.9 Key Terms
1.10 Exercises

2 The Role of Performance
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Measuring Performance
2.3 Relating the Metrics
2.4 Choosing Programs to Evaluate Performance
2.5 Comparing and Summarizing Performance
2.6 Real Stuff: The SPEC95 Benchmarks and Performance of Recent Processors
2.7 Fallacies and Pitfalls
2.8 Concluding Remarks
2.9 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
2.10 Key Terms
2.11 Exercises

3 Instructions: Language of the Machine
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Operations of the Computer Hardware
3.3 Operands of the Computer Hardware
3.4 Representing Instructions in the Computer
3.5 Instructions for Making Decisions
3.6 Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware
3.7 Beyond Numbers
3.8 Other Styles of MIPS Addressing
3.9 Starting a Program
3.10 An Example to Put It All Together
3.11 Arrays versus Pointers
3.12 Real Stuff: PowerPC and 80x86 Instructions
3.13 Fallacies and Pitfalls
3.14 Concluding Remarks
3.15 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
3.16 Key Terms
3.17 Exercises

4 Arithmetic for Computers
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Signed and Unsigned Numbers
4.3 Addition and Subtraction
4.4 Logical Operations
4.5 Constructing an Arithmetic Logic Unit
4.6 Multiplication
4.7 Division
4.8 Floating Point
4.9 Real Stuff: Floating Point in the PowerPC and 80x86
4.10 Fallacies and Pitfalls
4.11 Concluding Remarks
4.12 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
4.13 Key Terms
4.14 Exercises

5 The Processor: Datapath and Control
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Building a Datapath
5.3 A Simple Implementation Scheme
5.4 A Multicycle Implementation
5.5 Microprogramming: Simplifying Control Design
5.6 Exceptions
5.7 Real Stuff: The Pentium Pro Implementation
5.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls
5.9 Concluding Remarks
5.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
5.11 Key Terms
5.12 Exercises

6 Enhancing Performance with Pipelining
6.1 an Overview of Pipelining
6.2 A Pipelined Datapath
6.3 Pipelined Control
6.4 Data Hazards and Forwarding
6.5 Data Hazards and Stalls
6.6 Branch Hazards
6.7 Exceptions
6.8 Superscalar and Dynamic Pipelining
6.9 Real Stuff: PowerPC 604 and Pentium Pro Pipelines
6.10 Fallacies and Pitfalls
6.11 Concluding Remarks
6.12 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
6.13 Key Terms
6.14 Exercises

7 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Basics of Caches
7.3 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance
7.4 Virtual Memory
7.5 A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies
7.6 Real Stuff: The Pentium Pro and PowerPC 604 Memory Hierarchies
7.7 Fallacies and Pitfalls
7.8 Concluding Remarks
7.9 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
7.10 Key Terms
7.11 Exercises

8 Interfacing Processors and Peripherals
8.1 Introduction
8.2 I/O Performance Measures: Some Examples from Disk and File Systems
8.3 Types and Characteristics of I/O Devices
8.4 Buses: Connecting I/O Devices to Processor and Memory
8.5 Interfacing I/O Devices to the Memory, Processor, and Operating System
8.6 Designing an I/O System
8.7 Real Stuff: A Typical Desktop I/O System
8.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls
8.9 Concluding Remarks
8.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
8.11 Key Terms
8.12 Exercises

9 Multiprocessors
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Programming Multiprocessors
9.3 Multiprocessors Connected by a Single Bus
9.4 Multiprocessors Connected by a Network
9.5 Clusters
9.6 Network Topologies
9.7 Real Stuff: Future Directions for Multiprocessors
9.8 Fallacies and Pitfalls
9.9 Concluding Remarks-Evolution versus Revolution in Computer Architecture
9.10 Historical Perspective and Further Reading
9.11 Key Terms
9.12 Exercises

A Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Assemblers
A.3 Linkers
A.4 Loading
A.5 Memory Usage
A.6 Procedure Call Convention
A.7 Exceptions and Interrupts
A.8 Input and Output
A.9 SPIM
A.10 MIPS R2000 Assembly Language
A.11 Concluding Remarks
A.12 Key Terms
A.13 Exercises

B The Basics of Logic Design
B.1 Introduction
B.2 Gates, Truth Tables, and Logic Equations
B.3 Combinational Logic
B.4 Clocks
B.5 Memory Elements
B.6 Finite State Machines
B.7 Timing Methodologies
B.8 Concluding Remarks
B.9 Key Terms
B.10 Exercises

C Mapping Control to Hardware
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Implementing Combinational Control Units
C.3 Implementing Finite State Machine Control
C.4 Implementing the Next-State Function with a Sequencer
C.5 Translating a Microprogram to Hardware
C.6 Concluding Remarks
C.7 Key Terms
C.8 Exercises
Glossary
Index

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

The market-leading title for computer organization courses, with state-of-the art content and a full range of accessible exercises

Editorial Reviews

Patterson and Hennessy's Computer Organization and Design has long been recognized as an exceptionally thorough and reliable introduction to computer design. Now they've fully updated their classic and linked it even more systematically to real-world practice.

You'll now find "Real Stuff" sections in every chapter: from Google clusters to advanced pipelining, AMD's Opteron memory hierarchy to recent innovations in Intel's Pentium line. You'll find new hardware coverage: FPGAs, HDL simulators, logic design conventions, and more. Plenty of new software coverage, too, from optimizing compilers to implementing object-oriented languages.

The meat of the book remains as good as ever: detailed, accessible introductions to modern instruction sets, memory, storage, networking, multiprocessing, clustering, and more. How it all fits. Why it works as it does. Whether you're primarily interested in hardware or software, this is the rock-solid grounding you'll need to succeed. Bill Camarda, from the October 2007 Read Only

The Barnes & Noble Review
Even today, to write great software, it helps to understand the underlying hardware. And if you’re a hardware architect, you’d better understand how your choices will impact developers. Computer Organization and Design, Third Edition will help software and hardware folks understand each other. The authors even provide separate learning paths for each audience.

Using the actual MIPS 32 architecture to ground their discussions in reality, David Patterson and John Hennessy illuminate computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies, I/O, multiprocessing, clustering, and much more. Throughout, welcome “Fallacies and Pitfalls” sections clear up much of the misinformation that bedevils the field.

This edition’s been heavily updated, both for clarity and content. Especially worth noting: a stronger focus on the relationship between hardware and program performance, and a comparison of the Pentium 4 with AMD’s influential new Opteron. Bill Camarda

Bill Camarda is a consultant, writer, and web/multimedia content developer. His 15 books include Special Edition Using Word 2003 and Upgrading & Fixing Networks for Dummies, Second Edition.

bn.com

An introduction to the field for students in software and hardware design, emphasizing the relationships between software and hardware. Presents each idea from its first principles, adding complexity through a series of worked examples and solutions, with coverage of the MIPS instruction set, fundamentals of assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, and memory hierarchies. Discusses design, performance, and significance of I/O systems, and emerging architectures of multiprocessor systems. Each chapter includes sections on examples (new to this edition), fallacies and pitfalls, and history of the field, plus exercises and key terms. Layout is attractive and readable. Assumes beginning courses in programming. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Booknews

"...the fundamental computer organization book, both as an introduction for readers with no experience in computer architecture topics, and as an up-to-date reference for computer architects."—Computing Reviews, July 22 2014

From the Publisher