Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North
Crusade and Jihad is the first book to encompass, in one volume, the entire history of the catastrophic encounter between the Global North—China, Russia, Europe, Britain, and America—and Muslim societies from Central Asia to West Africa. William R. Polk draws on more than half a century of experience as a historian, policy planner, diplomat, peace negotiator, and businessman to explain the deep hostilities between the Muslim world and the Global North and show how they grew over the centuries.
 
Polk shows how Islam arose and spread across North Africa into Europe, climaxed in the vibrant and sophisticated caliphate of al-Andalus in medieval Spain, and was the bright light in a European Dark Age. Simultaneously, Islam spread from the Middle East into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. But following the Mongol invasions, Islamic civilization entered a decline while Europe began its overseas expansion. Portuguese buccaneers dominated the Indian Ocean; the Dutch and the English established powerful corporations that turned India and Indonesia into colonies; Russian armies pushed down the Volga into Central Asia, destroying its city-states; and the Chinese Qing dynasty slaughtered an entire Central Asian people. Britain crushed local industry and drained off wealth throughout its vast colonies. Defeated at every turn, Muslims tried adopting Western dress, organizing Westernstyle armies, and embracing Western ideas.
 
None of these efforts stopped the conquests. For Europe and Russia, the nineteenth century was an age of colonial expansion, but for the Muslim world it was an age of brutal and humiliating defeat. Millions were driven from their homes, starved, or killed, and their culture and religion came under a century-long assault.
 
In the twentieth century, brutalized and and disorganized native societies, even after winning independence, fell victim to “post-imperial malaise,” typified by native tyrannies, corruption, and massive poverty. The result was a furious blowback.
 
A sobering, scrupulous, and frank account of imperialism, colonialism, insurgency, and terrorism, Crusade and Jihad is history for anyone who wishes to understand the civilizational conflicts of today’s world.
1126094357
Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North
Crusade and Jihad is the first book to encompass, in one volume, the entire history of the catastrophic encounter between the Global North—China, Russia, Europe, Britain, and America—and Muslim societies from Central Asia to West Africa. William R. Polk draws on more than half a century of experience as a historian, policy planner, diplomat, peace negotiator, and businessman to explain the deep hostilities between the Muslim world and the Global North and show how they grew over the centuries.
 
Polk shows how Islam arose and spread across North Africa into Europe, climaxed in the vibrant and sophisticated caliphate of al-Andalus in medieval Spain, and was the bright light in a European Dark Age. Simultaneously, Islam spread from the Middle East into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. But following the Mongol invasions, Islamic civilization entered a decline while Europe began its overseas expansion. Portuguese buccaneers dominated the Indian Ocean; the Dutch and the English established powerful corporations that turned India and Indonesia into colonies; Russian armies pushed down the Volga into Central Asia, destroying its city-states; and the Chinese Qing dynasty slaughtered an entire Central Asian people. Britain crushed local industry and drained off wealth throughout its vast colonies. Defeated at every turn, Muslims tried adopting Western dress, organizing Westernstyle armies, and embracing Western ideas.
 
None of these efforts stopped the conquests. For Europe and Russia, the nineteenth century was an age of colonial expansion, but for the Muslim world it was an age of brutal and humiliating defeat. Millions were driven from their homes, starved, or killed, and their culture and religion came under a century-long assault.
 
In the twentieth century, brutalized and and disorganized native societies, even after winning independence, fell victim to “post-imperial malaise,” typified by native tyrannies, corruption, and massive poverty. The result was a furious blowback.
 
A sobering, scrupulous, and frank account of imperialism, colonialism, insurgency, and terrorism, Crusade and Jihad is history for anyone who wishes to understand the civilizational conflicts of today’s world.
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Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North

Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North

by William R. Polk
Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North

Crusade and Jihad: The Thousand-Year War Between the Muslim World and the Global North

by William R. Polk

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Overview

Crusade and Jihad is the first book to encompass, in one volume, the entire history of the catastrophic encounter between the Global North—China, Russia, Europe, Britain, and America—and Muslim societies from Central Asia to West Africa. William R. Polk draws on more than half a century of experience as a historian, policy planner, diplomat, peace negotiator, and businessman to explain the deep hostilities between the Muslim world and the Global North and show how they grew over the centuries.
 
Polk shows how Islam arose and spread across North Africa into Europe, climaxed in the vibrant and sophisticated caliphate of al-Andalus in medieval Spain, and was the bright light in a European Dark Age. Simultaneously, Islam spread from the Middle East into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia. But following the Mongol invasions, Islamic civilization entered a decline while Europe began its overseas expansion. Portuguese buccaneers dominated the Indian Ocean; the Dutch and the English established powerful corporations that turned India and Indonesia into colonies; Russian armies pushed down the Volga into Central Asia, destroying its city-states; and the Chinese Qing dynasty slaughtered an entire Central Asian people. Britain crushed local industry and drained off wealth throughout its vast colonies. Defeated at every turn, Muslims tried adopting Western dress, organizing Westernstyle armies, and embracing Western ideas.
 
None of these efforts stopped the conquests. For Europe and Russia, the nineteenth century was an age of colonial expansion, but for the Muslim world it was an age of brutal and humiliating defeat. Millions were driven from their homes, starved, or killed, and their culture and religion came under a century-long assault.
 
In the twentieth century, brutalized and and disorganized native societies, even after winning independence, fell victim to “post-imperial malaise,” typified by native tyrannies, corruption, and massive poverty. The result was a furious blowback.
 
A sobering, scrupulous, and frank account of imperialism, colonialism, insurgency, and terrorism, Crusade and Jihad is history for anyone who wishes to understand the civilizational conflicts of today’s world.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780300231908
Publisher: Yale University Press
Publication date: 01/09/2018
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 656
File size: 3 MB

About the Author

William R. Polk taught Arabic literature and history at Harvard University and the University of Chicago, served on the Policy Planning Council under President Kennedy, negotiated the Egyptian-Israeli Suez ceasefire, and founded the Adlai Stevenson Institute of International Affairs. He has written nineteen books.

Table of Contents

Introduction xi

Part 1 Glorious Memories And Agonizing Awakening 1

1 The Social, Economic, and Cultural Bases of Islam 3

2 Muhammad the Messenger and His Message 10

3 The Caliphate and the Conquests 21

4 The Great Days of the Caliphates and the Evolution of Islam 31

5 The North Moves South 50

Part 2 The Responses Of Traditional Muslim Societies 67

6 Sultan Selim III, Napoleon, and Mehmet Ali 69

7 French Invasion and Algerian Resistance 84

8 The British Conquest of India and the Sepoy Revolt 92

9 Chechen Imam Shamil Resists Russian Imperialism 107

10 Bankers on Horseback 119

11 Sudanese Mahdiyah and the British Conquest 126

12 Sanusiyah Imam Umar al-Mukhtar against Italian Genocide 133

13 The Riff War and Abd al-Karim in Morocco 138

14 The Aceh War and Dutch Imperialism 145

15 Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and the Muslim Awakening 152

Part 3 The Shift To Secular Nationalism 163

16 The Struggle to Define Identity 167

17 The First Iranian Revolution 184

18 The First World War 194

19 The Postwar Middle East 209

20 Palestine, the Much Promised Land 219

21 Turkey and Atatürk 231

22 Reza Shah of Iran 241

23 Islam in India and the Formation of Pakistan 246

24 Kashmir, the Palestine of Central Asia 261

25 Islam in Southeast Asia 275

26 Afghanistan's Centuries of Resistance 293

27 The Silk Road 306

28 The Algerian Revolution 313

29 Nasser and Arabiyah 323

30 Saddam Husain and Iraq 335

Part 4 The Reassertion Of Islam 347

31 Iran, the Revolutionary Shiah Muslim State 349

32 The Muslim Brotherhood 363

33 The Philosopher of the Muslim Revolt, Sayyid Qutb 370

34 Palestine: Wars, Diaspora, and Failed State 381

35 Hizbullah, Stateless Nation 397

36 Gaza and Hamas 406

37 The Uyghurs and Chinese Islam 418

Part 5 Militant Islam 435

38 The Moro "Rebellion" in the Philippines 439

39 Somalia, the "Failed State," 451

40 Boko Haram and Nigeria 462

41 Usama bin Ladin and al-Qaida 472

42 The Islamic State 491

Part 6 Afterword: The Parable Of The Blind Brahmins 507

43 Trunks and Tails 509

44 What the North Did to the South 518

45 What the South Did to Itself 526

46 Where We Are Now and Where We Can Go 533

Notes 537

Glossary 589

Acknowledgments 599

Index 603

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