Table of Contents
Preface
1 Concepts from metamaterials to metadevices
1.1 Rationale for metamaterials exploration
1.2 Classification of metamaterials
1.3 Evolution of metamaterials
1.4 Emerging functional metadevices
1.4.1 Reconfigurable and tunable metadevices
1.4.2 Electro-optical metadevices
1.4.3 Liquid-crystal metadevices
1.4.4 Phase-change metadevices
1.4.5 Superconducting metadevices
1.4.6 Ultrafast photonic metadevices
1.4.7 Nonlinear metadevices with varactors
1.4.8 Metadevices driven by electromagnetic forces
1.4.9 Acoustic metadevices
2 Design and fabrication of metamaterials and metadevices
2.1 Common design Approaches for metamaterials
2.1.1 Resonant approach
2.1.2 Transmission line Approach
2.1.3 Hybrid Approach
2.2 General tuning methods for metadevices
2.3 Fabrication technology
2.3.1 Photolithography<
2.3.2 Shadow mask lithography
2.3.3 Soft lithography
2.3.4 Electron beam lithography
2.3.5 3D metamaterial fabrication techniques
2.4 Tuning techniques
2.4.1 Mechanical tuning
2.4.2 Electromechanical displacements
2.4.3 Lattice displacement
2.4.4 Thermal stimulation
2.4.5 Material tuning
3 Electromagnetic metamaterials and metadevices
3.1 Fundamental theory of electromagnetic metamaterials
3.2 Single negative metamaterials
3.2.1 Metamaterials with negative effective permittivity in the microwave regime
3.2.2 Metamaterials with negative effective permeability in the microwave regime
3.3 Double Negative Metamaterials
3.4 Zero index metamaterials
3.5 Electromagnetic band gap metamaterials
3.5.1 Types of EBG structures
3.5.2 Numerical modeling of EBG
3.5.3 EBG applications
3.6 Bi-isotropic and bi-anisotropic metamaterials
3.7 Microwave metamaterial-inspired metadevices
4 Terahertz metamaterials and metadevices
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Passive-type terahertz metamaterials
4.2.1 Terahertz metamaterials with electric responses
4.2.2 Terahertz metamaterials with magnetic responses
4.2.3 Terahertz metamaterials with negative refractive indices
4.2.4 Broadband terahertz metamaterials
4.3 Active-type terahertz metamaterials
4.3.1 Electrically tunable THz metamaterials
4.3.2 Optically tunable THz metamaterials
4.3.3 Mechanically tunable THz metamaterials
4.4 Flexible THz metamaterial sensors
5 Photonic metamaterials and metadevices
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Photonic crystals
5.2.1 A historical account
5.2.2 Construction of photonic crystals
5.2.3 Applications of photonic crystals
5.3 Metamaterials designed through transformation optics
5.3.1 Metamaterials mimicking celestial mechanics
5.3.2 Metamaterials gradient index lensing
5.3.3 Battlefield applications
5.4 Hyperbolic metamaterials
5.4.1 Hyperbolic media in retrospect
5.4.2 Design and building materials
5.4.3 Photonic hypercrystals
5.4.4 Applications of hyperbolic metamaterials
5.4.4.1 High-resolution imaging and lithography
5.4.4.2 Spontaneous emission engineering
5.4.4.3 Thermal emission engineering
6 Chiral metamaterials and metadevices
6.1 Historical perspective
6.2 Chirality parameter and ellipticity
6.3 Typical chiral metamaterials
6.3.1 Chiral metamaterials with negative refractive index
6.3.2 3D chiral metamaterials
6.3.3 Self-assembled chiral metamaterials
6.3.4 Gyroid metamaterials
6.3.5 Nonlinear chiral metamaterials
6.4 Chiroptical effects
6.4.1. Extrinsic chirality
6.4.2 Superchiral fields
6.5 Typical applications of chiral metamaterials
6.5.1 Chiral metamaterial sensors
6.5.2 Nonlinear optics in chiral metamaterials
6.5.3 Chiral light-matter interactions
6.5.4 Active chiral metamaterials
7 Plasmonic metamaterials and metasurfaces
7.1 Plasmonic meta-atoms and their interactions
7.2 Plasmonic metamaterials implementing negative refraction and negative refractive index
7.3 Plasmonic metasurfaces
7.4 Graphene-based plasmonic metamaterials
7.5 Self-assembled plasmonic metamaterials
7.6 Application perspective
7.6.1 Optical nanocircuits and nanoantennas
7.6.1.1 Optical nanocircuits
7.6.1.2 Optical nanoantennas
7.6.2 Functional metasurfaces
7.6.3 Plasmonic metamaterials for sensing
8 Metamaterials-inspired frequency selective surfaces
8.1 Evolution of frequency selective surfaces
8.2 Design of metamaterial-based miniaturized-element frequency-selective surfaces
8.3 Printed flexible and reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces
8.4 Metamaterials inspired FSS antennas and circuits
8.4.1 Ultra-wideband antennas and microstrip filters
8.4.2 Microstrip antennas with HIS ground plane
8.4.3 Fabry-Pérot antenna
8.5 Metamaterial-inspired microfluidic sensors
8.6 Metamaterial-inspired rotation and displacement sensors
9 Nonlinear metamaterials and metadevices
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Implementation approaches to manufacture nonlinear metamaterials
9.2.1 Insertion of nonlinear elements
9.2.2 Nonlinear host medium
9.2.3 Local field enhancement
9.2.4 Nonlinear transmission lines
9.2.5 Intrinsic structural nonlinearity
9.2.6 Nonlinear metamaterials with quantum and superconducting elements
9.3 Nonlinear responses and effects
9.3.1 Nonlinear self-action
9.3.2 Frequency conversion and parametric amplification
9.3.2.1 Harmonic generation
9.3.2.2 Parametric amplification and loss compensation
10 Acoustic metamaterials and metadevices
10.1 Historical perspective and basic principles
10.2 Dynamic negative density and compressibility
10.3 Membrane-type acoustic materials
10.4 Transformation acoustics and metadevices with spatially varying index
10.5 Space-coiling and acoustic metasurfaces
10.6 Acoustic absorption
10.7 Active acoustic metamaterials
10.8 Emerging directions and future trends
10.8.1 Nonlinear acoustic metamaterials
10.8.2 Nonreciprocal acoustic devices
10.8.3 Elastic and mechanical metamaterials
10.8.4 Graphene-inspired acoustic metamaterials
10.8.5 Acoustic metamaterials with characteristics describable by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
10.8.6 Future trends
11 Mechanical metamaterials and metadevices
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Auxetic mechanical metamaterials
11.2.1 Re-entrant structures
11.2.1.1 Auxetic foam
11.2.1.2 Auxetic honeycomb
11.2.1.3 Three-dimensional re-entrant structures
11.2.1.4 Auxetic microporous polymers
11.2.2 Auxetic chiral structures
11.2.3 Rotating rigid and semi-rigid auxetic structures
11.2.4 Dilational metamaterials
11.2.5 Potential applications of auxetic metamaterials
11.3 Penta-mode metamaterials
11.4 Ultra-property metamaterials
11.5 Negative-parameter metamaterials
11.6 Mechanical metamaterials with tunable negative thermal expansion
11.7 Active, adaptive, and programmable metamaterials
11.8 Origami-based metamaterials
11.9 Mechanical metamaterials as seismic shields
11.10 Future trends
12 Perspective and future trends
12.1 Emerging metamaterials capabilities and new concepts
12.1.1 Virtual photon interactions mediated by metamaterials
12.1.2 Routes to aperiodic and correlation metamaterials
12.1.3 Mathematical operations and processing with structured metamaterials
12.1.4 Topological effects in metamaterials
12.2 Manipulation of metasurface properties
12.2.1 Functionally doped metal oxides for future ultrafast active metamaterials
12.2.2 Optical dielectric metamaterials and metasurfaces
12.2.3 Beam shaping with metasurfaces
12.2.4 Control of emission and absorption with metamaterials
12.2.5 Control of far-field thermal emission properties through the use of photonic structures
12.3 Research trends of nonlinear, active and tunable properties
12.3.1 Engineering mid-infrared and optical nonlinearities with metamaterials
12.3.2 Directional control of nonlinear scattering from metasurfaces
12.3.3 Coherent control in planar photonic metamaterials
12.3.4 Nanomechanical photonic metamaterials
12.4 Emerging metadevices and applications
12.4.1 RF beam steering module with metamaterials electronically scanned array
12.4.2 Smart metamaterial antennas
12.4.3 Energy harvesting enhanced with metamaterials
12.4.3.1 Electromagnetic energy harvesting
12.4.3.2 Photonic crystals-based vibroacoustic energy harvesting
12.4.3.3Acoustic metamaterial-based vibroacoustic energy harvesting
12.4.4 Focus magnetic stimulation
12.4.5 Thermophotovoltaics
12.4.6 Transparent thermal barrier
12.4.7 Passive radiative cooling
12.5 Prospective manufacturing and assembly technologies of metamaterials and metadevices
12.5.1 Nanoparticles for complex multimaterial nanostructures
12.5.2 Eutectics as metamaterials
12.5.3 Large area roll-to-roll processing
