Table of Contents
Contributors, x
Preface, xv
List of Abbreviations, xvi
Part I: General Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Challenges
Section 1: Preoperative CareEditors: Phil Moore and Arri Coomarasamy
1 Patient with Poor ASA Score, 3Phil Moore
2 Patient on Medication, 6Arri Coomarasamy
3 Patient with Ischemic Heart Disease, 9Sohail Q. Khan and Jonathan N. Townend
4 Patient with Arrhythmias, 13Sanoj Chacko and Joseph de Bono
5 Patient with a Pacemaker or Implantable Defibrillator, 17Howard Marshall
6 Patient with Complex Congenital Heart Disease (Fontan Circulation), 20Yaso Emmanuel and Sara A. Thorne
7 Hypertensive Patient, 22Aarthi R. Mohan and Catherine Nelson-Piercy
8 Patient with Respiratory Disease, 25Heinke Kunst
9 Patient with Diabetes, 28Arri Coomarasamy and Dukaydah van der Berg
10 Patient with Thyroid Disease, 30Ramy Labib and Shiao-yng Chan
11 Patient with Renal Disease, 33Khalid Hasan
12 Patient with Liver Disease, 35Joanna K. Dowman and Philip N. Newsome
13 Patient with Rheumatologic Diseases, 38Amita A. Mahendru and Justin Chu
14 Patient with Hematologic Disorders, 41Chieh Lin Fu
15 Patient at High Risk of Venous Thrombosis, 44Ian A. Greer
16 Patient on Anticoagulant Therapy, 47Sophie Lee and Will Lester
17 Patient on Steroid Therapy, 50Shaista Nazir and John Ayuk
18 Patient with Epilepsy, 54Danita Jones and Virgilio Salanga
19 Patient with a Psychiatric Condition, 56Idnan Yunas
20 Patient with Organ Transplant, 59Sarah Winfield
21 Patient with Hepatitis B or C, 61Firas Al-Rshoud and Arri Coomarasamy
22 Patient with HIV, 64Firas Al-Rshoud and Arri Coomarasamy
23 Obese Patient, 67Phil Moore
24 Patient with Poor Nutritional Status, 69Phil Moore
25 Pregnant Patient Requiring Non-obstetric Surgery, 71Arri Coomarasamy
Section 2: Intraoperative CareEditors: Arri Coomarasamy and Mahmood I. Shafi
26 Transverse Incision on the Abdomen Inadequate for Surgery, 77Arri Coomarasamy
27 Previous Multiple Abdominal Scars, 79Mohammed Khairy and Arri Coomarasamy
28 Patient with Previous Mesh Incisional Hernia Repair Requiring a Laparotomy, 83Christopher Smart and Chris Keh
29 Patient with Previous Mesh Incisional Hernia Repair Requiring a Laparoscopy, 86Emanuele Lo Menzo, Samuel Szomstein, and Raul J. Rosenthal
30 Unexpected Pathology: Ovarian Cyst, 89Mohan Kumar
31 Unexpected Pathology: Abnormal Appearance of the Uterus, 92Arri Coomarasamy
32 Unexpected Pathology: Severe Pelvic Adhesions, 94Stephen E. Zimberg and Michael L. Sprague
33 Unexpected Pathology: Abnormal Appearance of Bowel, 97Olivia Will and Justin Davies
34 Unexpected Pathology: Retroperitoneal Mass, 100Mohamed Mehasseb
35 Bladder Injury, 103Arri Coomarasamy and Richard Popert
36 Ureteric Injury, 106Arri Coomarasamy and Richard Popert
37 Small and Large Bowel Injury, 111Howard Joy
38 Inferior Epigastric Vessel Injury, 116Manas Chakrabarti and Sudha Sundar
39 Bleeding from Retracted Pedicular (Pelvic Sidewall) Vessels, 119Michael L. Sprague and Stephen E. Zimberg
40 Massive Hemorrhage, 121Karen Louise Moores, William Parry-Smith, and Martyn Underwood
41 Broken Needle, 125Joanne Kathleen Ritchie, Anuradha Radotra, and Martyn Underwood
42 Lost Swab, Needle or Instrument, 127Joanne Kathleen Ritchie, Martyn Underwood, and William Parry-Smith
Section 3: Postoperative CareEditors: Arri Coomarasamy and Janesh Gupta
43 Postoperative Care, 131Janesh Gupta, Robbert Soeters, and Aaron Ndhluni
44 Excessive Nausea and Vomiting after Surgery, 133Phil Moore
45 Excessive Abdominal Pain after Surgery, 136Manjeet Shehmar
46 Bowel Damage: Postoperative Presentation, 139Ketan Gajjar and Mahmood I. Shafi
47 Wound Infection, 142Pallavi Latthe and James Gray
48 Wound Dehiscence, 147T. Justin Clark
49 Late Wound Failure: Incisional Hernia, 150Saloney Nazeer
50 Necrotizing Fasciitis, 153Tariq Ahmad
51 Management of Surgical Drains, 156Ahmed M. El-Sharkawy and Sherif Awad
52 Shocked Patient, 159Manjeet Shehmar
53 Breathless Patient: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications, 162Heinke Kunst
54 Confused Postoperative Patient, 165Idnan Yunas
55 Patient with Poor Urine Output, 167Amelia Davison and Jackie A. Ross
56 Electrolyte Imbalance, 170Manjeet Shehmar and Arri Coomarasamy
57 Swollen Leg, 174Edwin Stephen, Indrani Sen, and Tim Lees
58 Cardiorespiratory Arrest, 177Jennie Kerr
PART II: Operations and Challenges
Section 4: General and Minimal Access GynecologyEditors: T. Justin Clark, Kiong K. Chan, and Arri Coomarasamy
59 Difficulty in Dilating the Cervix: Cervical Stenosis and Cervical Closure, 183Arri Coomarasamy
60 Uterine Perforation, 186Arri Coomarasamy
61 Surgical Uterine Evacuation: Excessive Bleeding, 189Rajesh Varma
62 Surgical Uterine Evacuation in a Woman with Multiple Fibroids, 191Rajesh Varma
63 Use of Excessive Distension Media at Hysteroscopy, 194Arri Coomarasamy
64 Hysteroscopy: Endometrial Resection and Ablation in the Abnormal Uterine Cavity, 197Alessandro Conforti and Adam Magos
65 Laparoscopy in a Pediatric Patient, 199Suketu M. Mansuria, Cara R. King, and Arri Coomarasamy
66 Safe Laparoscopic Entry in a Thin Patient, 202Janesh Gupta and Justin Chu
67 Laparoscopy: Unable to Gain Entry, 205Mohamed Mehasseb
68 Surgical Emphysema, 208Arri Coomarasamy
69 Venous Air Embolism, 210Anneke Chu and Jennie Kerr
70 Laparoscopy: Problems with Monopolar Diathermy, 213Thomas G. Lang and Resad Pasic
71 Laparoscopy: Problems with Bipolar Diathermy, 216Thomas G. Lang and Resad Pasic
72 Laparoscopy: Bladder Injury, 218Peter L. Rosenblatt
73 Laparoscopy: Ureteric Injury, 221Peter L. Rosenblatt
74 Bowel Injury During Laparoscopy: Intraoperative Presentation, 224Alan Lam
75 Bowel Injury After Laparoscopy: Late Presentation, 227Alan Lam
76 Blood Vessel Injury at Laparoscopy, 230Elizabeth Ball
77 Laparoscopy for Large Ovarian Cyst, 233T. Justin Clark
78 Laparoscopy for an Ovarian Cyst in Pregnancy, 235T. Justin Clark
79 Laparoscopic Removal of Rectovaginal Endometriosis, 238Alan Lam
80 Laparoscopic Myomectomy, 242Ertan Saridogan
81 Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, 245Alan Farthing
82 Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for a Large Fibroid Uterus, 247Alan Lam
83 Laparoscopy: Difficulty in Tissue Retrieval, 250Su-Yen Khong and Alan Lam
84 Surgery for Cornual or Interstitial Pregnancy, 253Ayesha Mahmud and Yousri Afifi
85 Surgery for Cervical Ectopic Pregnancy, 256Bassel H. Al Wattar and Yousri Afifi
86 Surgery for Cesarean Scar Pregnancy, 259T. Justin Clark
87 Surgery for Adnexal Torsion, 262Mohamed Otify and Jackie A. Ross
88 Laparoscopic Appendectomy, 264Edward Rawstorne, Christopher Smart, and Chris Keh
89 Laparoscopic Surgery: When to Convert to Laparotomy?, 267Mohamed Mehasseb
90 Laparoscopy: Port-site Herniation, 269Ayesha Mahmud and Yousri Afifi
Section 5: Reproductive SurgeryEditors: Arri Coomarasamy and Mahmood I. Shafi91 Uterine Septum, 275Basim Abu-Rafea and Khaldoun Sharif
92 Surgery for Intrauterine Adhesions, 278Mohan Kumar
93 Myomectomy: Breach of the Endometrial Cavity, 280Masoud Afnan and Arri Coomarasamy
94 Myomectomy: Multiple Large Fibroids, 282Justin Chu and Arri Coomarasamy
95 Myomectomy: Massive Intraoperative Hemorrhage, 284Neelam Potdar and Arri Coomarasamy
96 Vaginal Myomectomy, 287Adam Magos
97 Surgery for Proximal Tubal Blockage, 289Spyros Papaioannou
98 Surgery for Distal Tubal Disease, 292Lynne Robinson, Hemant N. Vakharia, and Yousri Afifi
99 Reversal of Sterilization, 295Hemant N. Vakharia, Lynne Robinson, and Yousri Afifi
100 Surgery for Congenital Abnormalities of the Genital Tract, 299Naomi S. Crouch
101 Surgical Sperm Retrieval, 304David Muthuveloe and Y. Zaki Almallah
Section 6: Urogynecologic SurgeryEditors: Pallavi Latthe and G. Willy Davila
102 Sling Procedures: Bladder Injury, 309Fidan Israfil-Bayli and Philip Toozs-Hobson
103 Sling Procedures: Urethral Injury, 311Gamal M. Ghoniem
104 Sling Procedures: Retropubic Hematoma, 314Fidan Israfil-Bayli and Philip Toozs-Hobson
105 Sling Procedures: Bowel Injury, 316Fidan Israfil-Bayli and Philip Toozs-Hobson
106 Sling Procedures: Voiding Dysfunction after Stress Urinary Incontinence Surgery, 318Margarita M. Aponte and Victor W. Nitti
107 Sling Procedures: Tape Erosion into the Bladder, 321Samuel J.S. Grimsley and Y. Zaki Almallah
108 Sling Procedures: Sexual Dysfunction, 323Swati Jha and Ranee Thakar
109 Sling Procedures: Persistent Urine Leakage, 325Luis Manuel Espaillat-Rijo and G. Willy Davila
110 Difficult Vaginal Hysterectomy, 329G. Willy Davila
111 Vaginal Hysterectomy: Difficulty in Entering the Posterior Pouch, 332Alfredo Jijon and G. Willy Davila
112 Salpingo-oophorectomy at the Time of Vaginal Hysterectomy, 335Alfredo Jijon and G. Willy Davila
113 Bladder Injury During Anterior Vaginal Repair or Vaginal Hysterectomy, 338Pallavi Latthe, Suneetha Rachaneni, and Mohammed Belal
114 Difficult Sacrocolpopexy, 341Orfhlaith E. O’Sullivan and Barry A. O’Reilly
115 Difficult Sacrospinous Fixation, 345Smita Rajshekhar and Rohna Kearney
116 Recurrent Pelvic Organ Prolapse, 348Monika Vij and Robert Freeman
117 Colpocleisis, 351Kalaivani Ramalingam and Ash Monga
118 Uterine Suspension Procedures: Laparoscopic Hysteropexy, 353Natalia Price and Simon Jackson
119 Mesh Tape Exposure Following Tension-free Vaginal Tape, 356Helen Bolton and Mark Slack
120 Vaginal Vault Evisceration, 360Swati Jha
121 Complications in Laparoscopic Pelvic Floor Surgery, 362Nir Haya and Christopher Maher
122 Robotic Urogynecology Procedures, 367Orfhlaith E. O’Sullivan and Barry A. O’Reilly
123 Complications in Robotic Pelvic Floor Surgery, 370Amie Kawasaki
124 Neovagina, 372Lynsey Hayward and G. Willy Davila
125 Vaginal Stricture After Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery, 375Ted M. Roth, G. Rodney Meeks and G. Willy Davila
126 Urethral Diverticula and Other Periurethral Masses, 378Bhavin Patel and Kathleen C. Kobashi
127 Vesicovaginal Fistulae, 382Karolynn T. Echols,Tamara V. Toidze, and Edward Stanford
128 Urethrovaginal Fistulae, 386Sohier Elneil
129 Rectovaginal Fistulae, 389Claire Burton and Simon Radley
130 Secondary Anal Sphincter Repair, 392Steven D. Wexner and Emanuela Silva
Section 7: Gynecologic OncologyEditors: Kavita Singh, Mahmood I. Shafi, and Kiong K. Chan131 Large Loop Excision of the Transformation Zone, 399Mahmood I. Shafi
132 Knife Cone Biopsy, 401Najum Qureshi
133 Staging Procedures: Examination Under Anesthesia, Cystoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, and Biopsy Techniques, 403Mahmood I. Shafi
134 Radicality of Surgery for Cervical Cancer, 406Mahmood I. Shafi
135 Pelvic and Para-aortic Lymphadenectomy in Gynecologic Cancers, 408Kavita Singh and Rami Fares
136 Trachelectomy for Treatment of Cervical Cancer, 412Kavita Singh and Janos Balega
137 Laparoscopic Radical Surgery for Cervical Cancer, 414Mohamed Mehasseb
138 Groin and Retroperitoneal Lymphocele, 416David M. Luesley
139 Laparotomy for a Pelvic Mass of Uncertain Nature, 418Mahmood I. Shafi
140 Gynecologic Cancer Extending to the Bowel, 420Kiong K. Chan
141 Omental Procedures: Supracolic Omentectomy, Infracolic Omentectomy, and Omental Biopsy, 423Kiong K. Chan
142 Diaphragmatic Surgery in Advanced Ovarian Cancer, 425Ariella Jakobson-Setton and Kavita Singh
143 Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy of Superficial Groin Lymph Node, 428Moji Balogun
144 Vulval Surgery: Wide Local Excision and Vulvectomy, 431Mahmood I. Shafi
145 Sentinel Node Biopsy in Gynecologic Cancer, 433Kavita Singh
146 Groin Lymphadenectomy, 435Ketan Gajjar
147 Plastic Surgical Techniques in Vulval or Perineal Procedures, 438Mahmood I. Shafi
148 Vaginectomy, 441Janos Balega and Kavita Singh
149 Urinary Diversion, 443John Parkin
150 Pelvic Exenteration, 446Kavita Singh
151 Gynecologic Cancer and Concurrent Pregnancy, 449Nirmala Rai Talapadi and Sudha Sundar
Section 8: Obstetric SurgeryEditors: Pallavi Latthe, Kiong K. Chan, and Arri Coomarasamy
152 Ovarian Cyst Identified at Cesarean Section, 455Kiong K. Chan and Ioannis Gallos
153 Laparoscopy in Pregnancy, 457Kevin J.E. Stepp and Anjana Nair
154 Cervical Cerclage, 459Ayesha Mahmud and Yousri Afifi
155 Cesarean Section in a Woman with Fibroids, 463Andrew Prentice
156 Cesarean Section at the Limits of Viability, 465Catherine Aiken and Jeremy Brockelsby
157 Difficult Delivery of the Fetal Head During Cesarean Section, 468Parveen Abedin
158 Surgical Management of Massive Obstetric Hemorrhage from the Uterus, Cervix, or Vagina, 470Phil Steer
159 Surgical Management of Placenta Praevia, 475Vibha Giri and Mohan Kumar
160 Surgical Management of Placenta Accreta, 479Vibha Giri and Mohan Kumar
161 Surgical Management Options for Shoulder Dystocia: Zavanelli Maneuver, Abdominal Rescue, Symphysiotomy, and Cleidotomy, 482Syeda Batool Mazhar and Asia Nazir
162 Uterine Inversion, 485Phil Steer
163 Episiotomy and Second-degree Tear, 488Khaled M.K. Ismail and Sara S. Webb
164 Obstetric Anal Sphincter Tear, 490Natalie P. Nunes, Helen Stevenson, and Matthew Parsons
165 Pregnancy and Female Genital Mutilation, 493Naomi Low-Beer and Gubby Ayida
166 Destructive Operations on a Dead Fetus, 496Hany Abdel-Aleem
167 Development of a Basic Obstetric Theater Facility in a Low-resource Setting, 499Zahida Qureshi and Alfred MurageSection 9: MiscellaneousEditors: Mahmood I. Shafi and Arri Coomarasamy168 Enhanced Recovery, 505Manjeet Shehmar169 Major Surgery in a Jehovah’s Witness Patient, 507Martyn Underwood and William Parry-Smith170 Termination of Pregnancy at Advanced Gestation, 509Rohan Chodankar and Janesh Gupta
171 Cervical Fibroids: Techniques for Myomectomy and Hysterectomy, 511Deborah R. Karp
172 Hysterectomy for Broad Ligament Fibroids, 514Kiong K. Chan
173 Hysterectomy for a Double Uterus, 516Kiong K. Chan
174 Cervical Stump Excision, 518Kiong K. Chan
175 Surgery for Ovarian Remnant, 520Kiong K. Chan and Arri Coomarasamy
176 Surgery for Missing Intrauterine Contraceptive Device, 522Toh Lick Tan
177 Management of Imperforate Hymen, Transverse and other Vaginal Septa, 525Jane MacDougall
178 Benign Lesions in the Groin and Vulva, 528Jennifer Byrom
179 Cystic Structure in the Upper Vagina, 531Ted M. Roth and G. Rodney Meeks180 Adnexal Masses in Infants and Children, 533Rachel J. Miller and Kris Ann P. Schultz
181 Nerve Injuries Associated with Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery, 536Djavid Alleemudder
182 Consent Challenges, 540William Parry-Smith and Martyn Underwood
183 Dealing with Complaints, 542Mahmood I. Shafi
184 Dealing with Litigation, 544Rebekah Ley and Mahmood I. Shafi
Index, 547