Table of Contents
Preface ix
Section I Preliminary Considerations and Selection of Raw Materials
1 Pre-formulation Design and Considerations 3 Howard Epstein
2 The Use of Thickeners in Topically Applied Formulations 29 Jed Riemer and Tom Russo
3 The Incorporation of Delivery Systems into Topical Formulations: A Case Study on the Use of Salicylic Acid for Acne Treatment 45 Nripen S. Sharma, Bryan Grossman and Sam Shefer
4 Formulating Skin Care Products with Silicones: Approaches and Strategies 59 Bartley Maxon and Michael Starch
5 The Use of Corn-derived Ingredients in Personal Care Applications 115 Cindy Yu
Section II Formulation, Processing and Production Techniques
6 Emulsions and their Characterization by Texture Profile Analysis 131 Roger L. McMullen, Mihaela Gorcea and Susan Chen
7 High Internal Phase Water-in-oil Emulsions 155 Paul Thau
Introduction 155
8 Manufacturing Topical Formulations: Scale-up from Lab to Pilot Production 167 Michael Kimball
9 Foam: A Unique Delivery Vehicle for Topically Applied Formulations 233 Dov Tamarkin
Section III Testing and Measurements Methods
10 Using Experimental Design to Optimize Formulations 263 Joseph Albanese
11 Rheological Properties of Topical Formulations 287 Hemi Nae
12 Viscosity Measurement for Topically Applied Formulations 346 Daphne Benderly
13 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Imaging Analysis of Topical Formulations 369 Samuel Gourion-Arsiquaud, Joel Coret, and David J. Moore
Section IV Sensory and Elegancy
14 Creating Appealing Topically Applied Formulations: Linking Physical Aspects to Marketing Psychology 381 J. Mark Chandler
15 The Use of Fragrance in Topically Applied Formulations 397 Steve Herman
Section V Stability and Preservation
16 Stability Testing for Topical Formulation Development 427 Gary R. Kelm
17 Preservation of Topical Formulations: An Historical and Practical Overview 463 Slawomir Paul Cebulski
18 Microbiological Stability for Skin Care Formulations 485 Kausar Malik
Section VI Color Cosmetics
19 Lip Care Product Formulation Strategies 513 Daniel Sango and David Binder
20 Formulation of Nail Care Products 539 Robert W. Sandewicz
Section VII Sunscreens
21 Formulation of Sunscreens in the United States Patricia Aikens
22 Formulating a Day Cream with SPF: A Case Study 611 Anne Pouillot and Rachel Ametsitsi
Glossary of Terms, by Chapter 635
Author Biographies 655
Index 661