High Performance Silicon Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications of CMOS and CCD sensors

by PhD Durini BSc (Editor)

Overview

High Performance Silicon Imaging covers the fundamentals of silicon image sensors, with a focus on existing performance issues and potential solutions. The book considers several applications for the technology as well. Silicon imaging is a fast growing area of the semiconductor industry. Its use in cell phone cameras is already well established, and emerging applications include web, security, automotive, and digital cinema cameras. Part one begins with a review of the fundamental principles of photosensing and the operational principles of silicon image sensors. It then focuses in on charged coupled device (CCD) image sensors and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. The performance issues considered include image quality, sensitivity, data transfer rate, system level integration, rate of power consumption, and the potential for 3D imaging. Part two then discusses how CMOS technology can be used in a range of areas, including in mobile devices, image sensors for automotive applications, sensors for several forms of scientific imaging, and sensors for medical applications. High Performance Silicon Imaging is an excellent resource for both academics and engineers working in the optics, photonics, semiconductor, and electronics industries. - Covers the fundamentals of silicon-based image sensors and technical advances, focusing on performance issues - Looks at image sensors in applications such as mobile phones, scientific imaging, TV broadcasting, automotive, and biomedical applications

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780857097521
Publisher:	Woodhead Publishing, Limited
Publication date:	05/14/2014
Series:	Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	476
File size:	10 MB

About the Author

Daniel Durini is currently Director of Research and a full Research Professor in areas of microelectronics and radiation detection at the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE) in Puebla, Mexico. He obtained the B.Sc. degree in Electrical-Electronic Engineering from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 2002, the M.Sc. degree in area of Microelectronics from the National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics in Mexico in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in area of Microelectronics from the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany in 2009. He was with the Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems (IMS) in Duisburg, Germany, between 2004 and end of 2013, where he led during the last four years a group dedicated to developing special CMOS process modules for high-performance photodetection devices, pixel structures and imagers. Prior to his current position, he was with the Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, ZEA-2 – Electronic Systems of the research centre Forschungszentrum Jülich in Jülich, Germany, where he headed between 2015 and beginning of 2018 the development of Detector Systems dedicated to scientific applications. He received the Duisburger Sparkasse Award for outstanding Ph.D. thesis in 2009 and two best paper awards. He has authored and co-authored more than 60 technical papers and three book chapters, and holds six patents in the area of CMOS image sensors. He is Member of the IEEE since 2009, and forms part of the National System for Researchers (SNI) in Mexico since 2014.

Table of Contents

- Contributor contact details - Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials - Part I: Fundamentals - 1. Fundamental principles of photosensing - Abstract: - 1.1 Introduction - 1.2 The human vision system - 1.3 Photometry and radiometry - 1.4 History of photosensing - 1.5 Early developments in photodetector technology - 1.6 References - 2. Operational principles of silicon image sensors - Abstract: - 2.1 Introduction - 2.2 Silicon phototransduction - 2.3 Principles of charged coupled device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) photosensing technologies - 2.4 Metal-oxide-semiconductor-capacitor (MOS-C) structure-based photodetectors - 2.5 p-n junction-based photodetectors - 2.6 Noise considerations in pixel structures - 2.7 High-performance pixel structures - 2.8 Miniaturization and other development strategies followed in image sensor technologies - 2.9 Hybrid and 3D detector technologies - 2.10 Conclusion - 2.11 References - 3. Charge coupled device (CCD) image sensors - Abstract: - 3.1 Introduction - 3.2 Charge coupled device (CCD) design, architecture and operation - 3.3 Illumination modes - 3.4 Imaging parameters and their characterization - 3.5 Conclusion and future trends - 3.6 References - 4. Backside illuminated (BSI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors - Abstract: - 4.1 Introduction - 4.2 Challenges facing a scaled-down frontside illuminated (FSI) sensor - 4.3 Basics of backside illuminated (BSI) sensor process integration - 4.4 Interface solutions to BSI sensors - 4.5 Conclusion - 4.6 References - 5. Circuits for high performance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors - Abstract: - 5.1 Introduction - 5.2 High resolution image sensors - 5.3 Low noise complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors - 5.4 High speed image sensors - 5.5 Low power image sensors - 5.6 Wide dynamic range sensors - 5.7 Other high performance designs - 5.8 Conclusion - 5.9 References - 6. Smart cameras on a chip: using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors to create smart vision chips - Abstract: - 6.1 Introduction - 6.2 The concept of a smart camera on a chip - 6.3 The development of vision chip technology - 6.4 From special-purpose chips to smart computational chips - 6.5 From video rate applications to high-speed image processing chips - 6.6 Future trends - 6.7 Conclusion - 6.8 References - Part II: Applications - 7. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for mobile devices - Abstract: - 7.1 Introduction - 7.2 Core image/video capture technology requirements and advances in mobile applications - 7.3 Emerging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) 'sensor-embedded' technologies - 7.4 Mobile image sensor architecture and product considerations - 7.5 Future trends - 7.6 Conclusion - 7.7 References - 8. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for automotive applications - Abstract: - 8.1 Automotive applications - 8.2 Vision systems - 8.3 Sensing systems - 8.4 Requirements for automotive image sensors - 8.5 Future trends - 8.6 References - 9. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for use in space - Abstract: - 9.1 Introduction - 9.2 General requirements for use of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors in space - 9.3 Comparison of CMOS sensors and charge coupled devices (CCDs) for space applications - 9.4 CMOS sensors for space applications - 9.5 References - 10. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors for high-performance scientific imaging - Abstract: - 10.1 Introduction - 10.2 Detection in silicon - 10.3 Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors for the detection of charged particles - 10.4 CMOS sensors for X-ray detection - 10.5 Future trends - 10.6 Sources of further information and advice - 10.7 References - 11.

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From the Publisher

Covers what engineers in optics, photonics, semiconductors, and electronics need to know about CCD and CMOS components