HPV, Colposcopy, and Prevention of Squamous Anogenital Tract Malignancy, An Issue of Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics
HPV, Colposcopy, and Prevention of Squamous Anogenital Tract Malignancy, An Issue of Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics
eBook
Related collections and offers
Overview
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9781455772124 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Elsevier Health Sciences |
| Publication date: | 09/28/2013 |
| Series: | The Clinics: Internal Medicine , #40 |
| Sold by: | Barnes & Noble |
| Format: | eBook |
| File size: | 4 MB |
Table of Contents
Foreword William F. Rayburn xiii
Preface Alan G. Waxman Maria Lina Diaz xv
The Natural History of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infections and Cervical Cancer: Caps In Knowledge and Future Horizons Cosette Marie Wheeler 165
Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted Infection. Most HPV infections are benign and resolve on their own, but some women develop persistent HPV infections. Persistent HPV infection with certain high-risk HPV genotypes is the necessary cause of most epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. The importance of latent or quiescent HPV, waning immunity, hormonal milieu, microblota, and other factors modifying the natural history of HPV infections across a woman's lifetime deserves further study. Promising biomarkers are emerging that may aid in defining which HPV-infected women are at risk of developing invasive cervical cancer.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Current Indications and Future Directions Leda Gattoc Navya Nair Kevin Ault 177
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of The most common sexually transmitted infections affecting both men and women worldwide. The development of the prophylactic HPV vaccines is a significant pharmaceutical innovation with potential to reduce HPV-related morbidity. However, barriers to the universal use and acceptability of the HPV vaccines continue to exist in both economically privileged and disadvantaged countries. It may be decades before the impact of preventive vaccines on HPV related diseases caused by the considerable burden of HPV infections will be seen. Collaborative efforts must continue to promote vaccine implementation.
The Modern Cytology Laboratory: Moving Beyond the Pap Test Nancy Joste Julie Gober-Wilcox 199
New recommendations for screening intervals across different age groups is leading to a diminished role for the cytology laboratory and an increased role for the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing laboratory. With the introduction of the liquid-based Papanicolaou test, high-risk HPV testing, and computer-assisted screening, the cytology laboratory is al the forefront of efforts to improve screening for the provision of better patient care. Cytology laboratories are ideally positioned to facilitate important basic and applied research involving cervical cancer.
New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines, Again Nicole Karjane David Chelmow 211
Guidelines for cervical cancer screening have continued to evolve as we have accumulated new information about the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and the role of the human papillomavims Most recently, the American Cancer Society, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and the American Society for Clinical Pathology issued revised joint recommendations for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer, m addition, the US Preventative Services Task Force revised its guidelines, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists updated Its practice bulletin.
The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology Project and Its Implications for Clinical Care Tomas Nuño Francisco García 225
Based on a growing need for unified terminology to describe the pathologic and clinical spectrum of lesions, the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology and the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center convened the Lower Anogenltal Squamous Terminology (LAST) Project to reassess and harmonize the terminology used to describe human papilomavirus-associated squamous lesions of the lower anogenital tract as manifested in a variety of end organs. The distinction between cancer precursors and those without malignant potential leads to consistency in the interpretation of management guidelines and the therapeutic options.
Colposcopy: A Global Perspective: Introduction of the New IFCPC Colposcopy Terminology Silvio Tatti Jacob Bornstein Walter Prendiville 235
This article describes the current nomenclature of colposcopic findings in the lower genital tract as defined by the International Federation for Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (IFCPC) and agreed at their Triennial General Meeting in July 2012 In Rio do Janeiro. It builds on previous nomenclature published by the IFCPC over the last two decades and introduces for the first time the concept of transformation zone excision types. Vulval and vaginal colposcopic terminology is described.
Cervical Cancer Prevention: New Guidelines in the United States and New Opportunities for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Alan G. Waxman 251
Developments from late 2011 to early 2013, including consensus conferences and the introduction of low-cost, rapid-turnaround testing of human papillomavirus, will change prevention strategies for cervical cancer in the United Slates and in low- and middle-income countries.
Screening Adolescents and Young Women Lori A. Boardman Katina Robison 257
Recent guidelines from multiple organizations stress screening initiation no earlier than the age of 21 years and increased screening intervals for women aged 21 to 29 years. Primary prevention with human papillomavirus vaccination has the potential to significantly affect the development of high-grade cervical lesions, including cancer, and will likely affect screening guidelines in the future.
Cervical Cancer Screening in Pregnancy Jody Stonehocker 269
Cervical cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy during pregnancy with an incidence of 1.5 to 12 per 100,000 pregnancies, in the United States between 2% and 7% of all pregnant women will have an abnormal Pap test. The management of these abnormal results during pregnancy can present a challenge to the practitioner. This article reviews recently published guidelines and current evidence for evaluation and management of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical cancer in pregnancy.
LSIL Definition and Management Meggan Zsemlye 283
The management of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) has changed greatly over the past 2 decades. The most recent recommendations propose avoiding treatment while continuing to monitor patients for clearance of disease or a change to a more severe diagnosis Knowledge of the correct way to manage LSIL is important because LSIL is a relatively common diagnosis found on cervical cytology. Especially since the introduction of liquid-based cytology, the diagnosis of LSIL has become more frequent. The College of American Pathologists estimated in 2003 that the reporting rate for LSIL was 2.9%.
Treatment Options for High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Stephanie Long Lawrence Leeman 291
The introduction of testing for high-risk HPV types and P16 immunostaining of CIN2 histologic specimens allows for determination of the risk of progression versus regression for a woman with a particular cytologic or histologic specimen. Observation with serial cytological or colposcoptc examinations is now appropriate for women with low-grade histologic lesions as well as pregnant and young women with certain high-grade histologic lesions. Current recommendations for management of high-grade lesions, the efficacy of treatment options (cryotherapy and LEEP), and the immediate (bleeding, infection) and longer term complications (cervical incompetence, preterm delivery) of cervical dysplasia treatment are presented.
Nongenital Human Papillomavirus Disease E.J. Mayeaux Jr Michelle J. Khan 317
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral cause of cancer, and is responsible for 5% of cancers worldwide. Following demonstration of the causative link between HPV and cervical cancer, HPV has been shown to be associated with several unogenital malignancies and with oral pharyngeal cancers. HPV-related anal and oral pharyngeal disease is rising in incidence and includes anal warts and neoplasia, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and oral pharyngeal neoplasia. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of nongenital HPV-related disease.
Cervical Cancer Screening in Immunocompromised Women Minh Ly Nguyen Lisa Flowers 339
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted virus that is associated with increased risk of anogenital cancers in immunosuppressed hosts. The behavior of HPV infection is controlled by the systemic immune system response as well as the local tissue immune system to the HPV virus. Individuals with a depressed immune system, either by viral infection (such as human immunodeficiency virus) or by chronic immunosuppressive agents (such as transplant recipients or patients with autoimmune disease) are at an increased risk of HPV-associated malignancies. This article addresses the data and limitations in developing evidence-driven guidelines for cervical cancer screening in immunocompromised women.
Vulvar and Vaginal HPV Disease Erin L. Nelson Colleen K. Stockdale 359
Human papilloma virus is associated with a multitude of lower genital tract diseases in women in addition to cervical cancer, including genital warts, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, and some vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers that are associated with oncogenic subtypes. The degree to which HPV manifests pathology depends on viral type, host immune response, and local environmental factors. This article reviews the evaluation and management of the following vulvar and vaginal human papilloma virus diseases: condyloma, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Included is a brief discussion of the association with vulvar and vaginal cancer.
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Cervical Cancer Screening Philip E. Castle Miriam Cremer 377
Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is more reliable and sensitive but less specific than Papanicolaou (Pap) testing/cervical cytology for the detection of cervical precancer and cancer. HPV-negative women are at lower risk of cervical cancer than Pap-negative women. In high-resource settings, HPV testing can be used to make cervical cancer prevention programs more efficient by focusing clinical attention on women who have HPV. In lower-resource settings, where Pap testing has not been sustained or widespread, new, lower-cost HPV tests may make cervical cancer screening feasible.
Counseling the Patient with HPV Disease Maria Lina Diaz 391
This article reviews common clinical scenarios involving human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. The diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of HPV disease can provoke anxiety and distress, and have a negative psychosocial impact on patients' lives. The article provides a platform on which the clinician can build counseling strategies. It is paramount to relay accurate timely, and clear information in a reassuring manner. Emphasis is placed on encouraging patients to adopt healthy and protective measures, such as lifestyle changes, testing for other sexually transmitted diseases, compliance with surveillance and screening visits, and vaccination against HPV In age-appropriate individuals.
Index 403