Table of Contents
Foreword vii
Prologue
1 Israelites, Jews and Greeks 1
The creation myth
Adam and Eve
The Fall
The evolution of Man
The Israelites
The Ten Commandments
Israel and Judah
Prophesy
Exile
The return from exile
Judaism
Greek philosophy
Hellenisation
The Roman occupation.
Section 1 From Christ to Constantine (from Jesus to the 330s)
2 The Life and Ministry of Jesus 15
The gospels
The Virgin birth
Resurrection and ascension
Healing and miracles
Teaching with authority
Loving one's neighbour
Paradox and ambiguity
The Clash with the Pharisees
The End
Jesus's moral teaching
Washing feet.
3 The Early Church 29
The early Christians
Christianity and Judaism
The first martyr
St Paul
Paul's achievement
Church organisation
Scriptural authority
The New Testament
Christian apologetics
Christology.
4 The Spread of the Church through the Empire 43
Rome and polytheism
Persecution
Consequences of persecution
The Donatist schism
Orthodoxy
Authority
External influences
Constantine
The Council of Nicaea (325)
Church and state.
Section 2 Christendom and the Roman Empire (the 330s to the 660s)
5 The Official Church of the Empire 57
The church under Constantine
The Arian heresy
St Athanasius
Upheaval and uncertainty
Theodosius the Great (379-395)
Establishment
The consequences of establishment
Episcopal authority
The martyrs
The search for perfection
Monasticism
The conversion of the barbarians
6 The Search for Orthodoxy 71
Trinitarian theology
Ecumenical councils
The First Council of Constantinople (381)
Papal primacy
The continuing Donatist schism
St Augustine (354-430)
The City of God
The Council of Ephesus (431)
The Council of Chalcedon (451)
The Second Council of Constantinople (553).
7 Christianity, Barbarism and Islam 85
The decline of Rome
The barbarian invasions
Papal claims
Theory and reality
The Emperor Justinian (527-565)
St Benedict
The Rule of St Benedict
Gregory the Great
Christendom divided
Muhammad and Islam
The division of Christendom.
Section 3 Christendom Divided (the 660s to 1000 AD)
8 Catholic West and Orthodox East 99
The impact of the Arabs
The Third Council of Constantinople (681)
East and West go their own ways
Western vulnerability
The Franks defeat the Arabs
The papacy and the Franks ally
The Donation of Constantine
The Second Council of Nicaea (787)
The filioque clause
Interference with the Nicene Creed
The coronation of Charlemagne
The imperial ideal in the West.
9 Iconoclasm in Byzantium 113
The resilience of Byzantium
The Syrian emperors
The place of icons in worship
Eastern opposition, to icons
Leo uTs iconoclast policy
The case for iconoclasm
The iconodule case
Iconaclasm triumphant
The cult of the Virgin Mary
The restoration of icons
The Festival of Orthodoxy
The conversion of the Bulgars
The conversion of the Russians.
10 The Golden Age in the West 127
Colonisation and conversion
Imperial, papal and royal authority
The unity of society
Bishops
The conversion of Britain
Conversion of the Germanic tribes
Monasticism
The cultural shift
The political world
The papacy
The reform movement
The Golden Age.
Section 4 The High Middle Ages (1000 AD to the 1330s)
11 Reform and Conflict 141
Monastic reform
The Papacy
The Clash with the East in 1054
The Orthodox East and the Catholic West
Empire and papacy
Hildebrand
Conflict
Conflicting theories of authority
Lay Appointments and patronage
Compromise
Reconciliation with the East
Crusade and division.
12 A Medieval Renaissance 155
The Cluniacs
The Cistercians
The Augustinian Canons
Other religious orders
From Romanesque to Gothic
St Anselm
Peter Abelard
Heresy and unofficial preaching
The Albigensians
Waldensians, Franciscans and Dominicans
Gratian and Aquinas
Marriage
Unity, division and personal piety.
13 The Papal Monarchy 169
Papal aspirations and practice
Accumulating power
Accumulating problems
Innocent III
The Fourth Crusade
The plenitudo potestatis
The western councils
Church and state
The East
Boniface VIII and Philip IV
From success to failure.
Section 5 The Era of Reform (the 1330s to the 1660s)
14 The End of the Middle Ages 183
The Babylonish Captivity
The national churches
The Great Schism
Popular piety
Wyclif and Huss
The conciliar movement
The Council of Constance
The end of the conciliar movement
The fall of Constantinople
The Third Rome
Nationalism triumphant
Nominalism triumphant
The need for reform.
15 Reformation, Counter-Reformation and War 197
The idea of reformation
Desiderius Erasmus
The problem of indulgences
Martin Luther
The Council of Worms of 1521
Protestantism
The Third Way
Huldreich Zwingli
John Calvin
The division of Protestantism
Dissent and persecution
The Counter
Reformation
Persecution
The wars of religion
Toleration.
16 The ecclesia Anglicana 211
The King's Great Matter
The Act of Supremacy
The dissolution of the monasteries
Thomas Cranmer
The Edwardian reformation
'Bloody Mary'
Elizabeth
The Anglican via media
Popish plots
Puritanism -civil war and after
The Church of England.
Section 6 The Modern World (the 1660s to 2000 AD)
17 Mission and Division 225
The church militant
The Jesuit missions
The national churches
Protestant divisions
Catholic failures abroad
Protestantism awakens
Mission problems
The French Revolution
Pius IX and infallibility
The struggle for civilisation
Protestantism triumphant.
18 The New World 239
Origins
Freedom
The Great Awakening
'Red Indians'
'Negro' slaves
Religious diversity
Roman Catholicism and Fundamentalism
Religion and Democracy
'Creationism'
The 'religious right'
'One nation under God.'
19 The Dark Night of the European Churches 253
Protestant success
The papacy against modernism
Roman Catholicism world wide
The Orthodox church
Christian civilisation
Reversion to barbarism
Bolshevism and Orthodoxy
Fascism, Nazism and the papacy
Nazism and the German churches
The weakness of the Christian churches
Asia and Africa
New forces in Christianity
The traditional churches.
Epilogue
20 The Dawn of a New Millennium 267
The divisions of Christendom
The ecumenical movement
Christianity on the defensive
The problem of mythology
Authoritarian reactions
The Protestant conscience
Christianity in a post-Christian society
The new theology
Faith and works
Morality
A New moral vision
The dawn of the third millennium.
Suggestions for further reading 281
Index of Persons 282
General Index 291
