Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It? / Edition 2

by Pamela J. Schram, Stephen G. Tibbetts

Overview

Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It? offers a contemporary and integrated discussion of key criminological theories to help students understand crime in the 21st century. Focusing on why offenders commit crimes, authors Pamela J. Schram and Stephen G. Tibbetts apply established theories to real-life examples to explain criminal behavior. Coverage of violent and property crimes is included throughout theory chapters so that students can clearly understand the application of theory to criminal behavior.

Also available as a digital option (courseware). Learn more about Introduction to Criminology- Vantage Digital Option, Third Edition [ISBN: 978-1-0718-2833-5]

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781506347561
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
Publication date:	03/17/2017
Edition description:	Second Edition
Pages:	616
Product dimensions:	8.40(w) x 10.80(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

Pamela Schram has published on such topics as female offenders, especially those women involved in violent offenses as well women in prison. Her research interests also include examining treatment effects on gang and non-gang members. She is currently focusing on issues pertaining to elderly prisoners. Dr. Schram has been involved in various research projects that have primarily focused on evaluating treatment effectiveness such as juvenile diversion options and programs for at-risk youths. She has published three books, four book chapters, and over 20 scholarly papers. Dr. Schram received her Ph.D. from Michigan State University. She is currently the Associate Dean of the College of Social and Behavior Sciences at California State University, San Bernardino.

Stephen G. Tibbetts, currently a Professor at California State University, San Bernardino, has been pursuing an understanding of criminal offending for over the past two decades. He has attempted to discover the extent to which individuals’ inherent dispositions and attitudinal traits contribute to their offending decisions, especially in relation to other factors, such as demographic, developmental, and situational factors. Dr. Tibbetts’ research has included work on the differences between men and women in their decisions to commit deviant behavior, as well as their perceptions of risk and consequences of getting caught. His additional research interests include the effects of perinatal disorders as an influence in future criminality, the etiology of white-collar crime, and gang intervention. Dr. Tibbetts has published nine books and more than 50 scholarly papers examining various issues in criminology. He received the 2011 Outstanding Professor Award at CSU, San Bernardino. He previously worked extensively as an Officer of the Court in providing recommendations for dispositions of numerous juvenile court cases from 1997 to 2008.

Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminology
Introduction
What Is a Crime?
What Are Criminology and Criminal Justice?
The Consensus and Conflict Perspectives of Crime
The Criminal Justice System
Criminological Theory
Victimology
Conclusion
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 2: Measuring Crime
Introduction
Data From Law Enforcement Agencies
Data From Victims of Crime: The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Data From Self-Report Surveys
Additional Approaches to Collecting Data
Conclusion
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 3: The Classical School of Criminological Thought
Introduction
Pre-Classical Perspectives on Crime and Punishment
The Age of Enlightenment
The Classical School of Criminology
The Impact of Beccaria’s Work on Other Theorists
The Neoclassical School of Criminology
The Decline of Classical/Neoclassical Theory
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 4: Contemporary Classical and Deterrence Research
Introduction
The Rebirth of Deterrence Theory and Contemporary Research
Rational Choice Theory
Routine Activities Theory
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 5: Early Positivism: Biological Theories of Crime
Introduction
Early Biological Theories of Behavior
Lombroso’s Theory of Atavism and Born Criminals
After Lombroso: The IQ-Testing Era
Body-Type Theory: Sheldon’s Model of Somatotyping
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 6: Modern Biosocial Perspectives of Criminal Behavior
Introduction
Nature Versus Nurture: Studies Examining the Influence of Genetics and Environment
Cytogenetic Studies: The XYY Factor
Hormones and Neurotransmitters: Chemicals That Determine Criminal Behavior
Brain Injuries
Central Versus Autonomic Nervous System Activity
Biosocial Approaches to Explaining Criminal Behavior
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 7: Psychological/Trait Theories of Crime
Introduction
Early Psychological Theorizing Regarding Criminal Behavior
Modern Psychological Perspectives of Criminality
Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 8: Social Structure Theories of Crime I: Early Development and Strain Models of Crime
Introduction
Early European Theorists of Social Structure: Comte, Guerry, and Quetelet
Durkheim and the Concept of Anomie
Merton’s Strain Theory
Variations of Merton’s Strain Theory
General Strain Theory
Summary of Strain Theories
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 9: Social Structure Theories of Crime II: Social Disorganization and Subcultures
Introduction
The Ecological School and the Chicago School of Criminology
Shaw and Mc Kay’s Theory of Social Disorganization
Cultural and Subcultural Theories of Crime
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 10: Social Process and Control Theories of Crime
Introduction
Learning Theories
Control Theories
A General Theory of Crime: Low Self-Control
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 11: Labeling Theory and Conflict/Marxist/Radical Theories of Crime
Introduction
Labeling Theory
Conflict Perspectives
Additional Critical Theories
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 12: Feminist Theories of Crime
Introduction
A Brief History of Feminism in the United States
Feminist Perspectives on Gender
Traditional Theories of Female Crime
The Liberation Thesis
Power-Control Theory
Feminist Perspectives on Crime and Criminal Behavior
Critiques of Feminist Theories
Policies Based on Feminist Theories of Crime
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 13: Developmental/Life-Course Perspectives on Criminality
Introduction
Basic Concepts and Early Developmental Theory
Antidevelopmental Theory: Low-Self-Control Theory
Sampson and Laub’s Developmental Model
Moffitt’s Developmental Taxonomy
Thornberry’s Interactional Model of Offending
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Summary of Theories
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 14: White-Collar Crime, Organized Crime, and Cybercrime
Introduction
White-Collar Crime
Organized Crime
Cybercrime
Conclusion
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 15: Hate Crimes, Mass Murder, Terrorism, and Homeland Security
Introduction
Hate Crimes
Multicide
Terrorism
Homeland Security
Policy Implications
Conclusion
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Chapter 16: Drugs and Crime
Introduction
Depressants
Narcotics
Stimulants
Other Commonly Abused Drugs
Trends of Drug Use
The Link Between Drugs and Crime
Modern Policies Related to Reducing Drug Use
Policy Recommendations
Conclusion
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Resources
Glossary
Notes
Index

Editorial Reviews

It is comprehensive and well-organized. The features such as Case Study and Why Do They Do It? add much to the material. The videos and other links help students receive the same information from different mediums.”

Terri L. Earnest

Right level of difficulty for upper-division, general students. Not too simplistic but not just for CJ majors…”

Bradley Wright

In depth coverage of theories, much more thorough than many of the other ‘Intro’ books out there in terms of theory coverage.”

Dan Dexheimer

The book is well written, in a clear and direct manner. Complex theories and ideas are presented in a very clear, linear, fashion…Excellent visuals (charts, tables, pictures).”

Christopher Salvatore

Clear and easy to understand. Excellent examples with visuals…

Shanell Sanchez-Smith

"The text has supplemental material as well as case studies to back up the content. It is easy to read and students will like the colorful print and text type. "

Christen C. Shea

"Schram and Tibbetts provide a thorough introduction to the study of crime and deviance. A must-read for anyone seriously interested in learning about the causes and correlates of criminal behavior. "

Eric J. Connolly

"A robust, easily accessible text book by which to teach a comprehensive course on criminological theory! Simply the best on the market!"

Christopher Conner

Your textbook is the best format I've seen for explaining the crime theories and matching criminals to those theories.

Sgt. Levi Miller

"In depth coverage of theories, much more thorough than many of the other 'Intro' books out there in terms of theory coverage."

--Dan Dexheimer

"It is comprehensive and well-organized. The features such as Case Study and Why Do They Do It? add much to the material. The videos and other links help students receive the same information from different mediums."

--Terri L. Earnest

"Clear and easy to understand. Excellent examples with visuals..."--Shanell Sanchez-Smith

"Right level of difficulty for upper-division, general students. Not too simplistic but not just for CJ majors..."

--Bradley Wright

"The book is well written, in a clear and direct manner. Complex theories and ideas are presented in a very clear, linear, fashion...Excellent visuals (charts, tables, pictures)."

--Christopher Salvatore, PhD

-In depth coverage of theories, much more thorough than many of the other 'Intro' books out there in terms of theory coverage.-

--Dan Dexheimer

-It is comprehensive and well-organized. The features such as Case Study and Why Do They Do It? add much to the material. The videos and other links help students receive the same information from different mediums.-

--Terri L. Earnest

-Clear and easy to understand. Excellent examples with visuals...---Shanell Sanchez-Smith

-Right level of difficulty for upper-division, general students. Not too simplistic but not just for CJ majors...-

--Bradley Wright

-The book is well written, in a clear and direct manner. Complex theories and ideas are presented in a very clear, linear, fashion...Excellent visuals (charts, tables, pictures).-

--Christopher Salvatore, PhD

From the Publisher