Introduction To Radio Propagation For Fixed And Mobile Communications / Edition 1

by John Doble

Overview

Gain a better understanding of the propagation effects you're likely to encounter when working in fixed-link and mobile radio systems with this clear, practical guide. This book explores fixed-link propagation and relates the concepts to the more complex situations you face in the mobile environment.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780890065297
Publisher:	Artech House, Incorporated
Publication date:	09/01/1996
Series:	Artech House Mobile Communications Series
Pages:	216
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.63(d)

About the Author

John Doble has over 40 years experience in radio and satellite communications, most of which have been with British Telecom Research Laboratories in the UK. Currently a visiting lecturer on the subject of antenna propagation, he earned his B.S. in electrical engineering from London University.

Table of Contents

	Acknowledgments	xiii
	Introduction	xv
Part I	Fixed-Link Systems	1
Chapter 1	Radio Refractive Index	3
1.1	Introduction	3
1.2	Background to Microwave Radio Links	3
1.3	Sea Level Value of RRI and Its Variation With Height	7
1.4	The Measurement of RRI	8
1.4.1	Radiosondes	8
1.4.2	Refractometers	8
1.4.3	RRI Profiles	10
1.5	Deviations From the Normal Lapse Rate	11
1.5.1	Subrefraction	11
1.5.2	Superrefraction	13
1.5.3	The Common Causes of the Lapse-Rate Deviations	13
1.6	Summary	15
	References	16
Chapter 2	Fading on Microwave Systems	17
2.1	Introduction	17
2.2	The Mechanics of Fading	17
2.2.1	Multipath Fading	19
2.2.2	Mean-Depression Fading	22
2.3	The Effect of Fading on System Performance	25
2.3.1	Analog Systems	25
2.3.2	Digital Systems	25
2.4	The Effect of Fading on Antenna Performance	29
2.5	Summary	32
	References	33
Chapter 3	The Use of Diversity to Reduce System Performance Degradation	35
3.1	Introduction	35
3.2	Frequency Diversity	36
3.3	Space Diversity	36
3.3.1	The Effect of Space Diversity on the Severity Of Narrowband Fading	40
3.4	Angle Diversity	43
3.5	Relative Merits of the Three Types of Diversity	44
3.6	Summary	44
	References	45
Chapter 4	Propagation-Induced Interference	47
4.1	Introduction	47
4.2	Adjacent Channel Interference	48
4.3	Cochannel Interference	49
4.3.1	Bad Route Planning	49
4.3.2	Failure to Account for Other Routes in the Same Country	49
4.3.3	Failure to Carry out International Coordination Procedures	49
4.3.4	Degradation of XPD in a Cofrequency, Cross-polar Frequency Plan	51
4.4	Nodal-Point Interference	51
4.5	Summary	52
	References	53
Chapter 5	Rain Attenuation and Molecular Absorption	55
5.1	Introduction	55
5.2	Polarization and Frequency Sensitivity of Rain Attenuation	56
5.3	Sources of Rain-Rate Data	56
5.4	Using Rain-Rate Data to Calculate Path Attenuation	57
5.5	The Prediction of Rain Attenuation	59
5.5.1	The United Kingdom Model	59
5.5.2	The CCIR Model	60
5.5.3	Comparative Calculation	62
5.5.4	Polarization Scaling	63
5.6	Path Diversity	64
5.7	Molecular Absorption	64
5.8	Summary	66
	References	67
Chapter 6	System Outage Modeling	69
6.1	Introduction	69
6.2	CCIR Performance Objectives for Analog Systems	69
6.3	Multipath Prediction Models	73
6.3.1	The United Kingdom Model	73
6.3.2	CCIR Prediction Models	74
6.4	CCIR Performance Objectives for Digital Systems	78
6.4.1	Availability Objectives	79
6.5	System Signatures	79
6.6	Performance Prediction Models for Digital Systems	83
6.6.1	Net-Fade Margin	83
6.6.2	Inband Amplitude Dispersion	84
6.6.3	Signature-based Models	84
6.7	Summary	87
	References	88
Chapter 7	System Planning	89
7.1	Introduction	89
7.2	Basic Transmission Information	90
7.2.1	Free-Space Transmission Loss	90
7.2.2	Link Budget	91
7.2.3	Diffraction Fading and Fresnel-Zone Clearance	91
7.2.4	Ray Curvature as a Function of RRI Lapse Rate	92
7.3	General Planning Concepts	95
7.3.1	Multihop Links	95
7.3.2	A Planning Exercise	97
7.3.3	The Problem of Water Along the Route	104
7.4	Summary	106
	References	107
Part II	Mobile Systems	111
Chapter 8	Basic Mobile Propagation Topics	111
8.1	Introduction	111
8.2	The Different Types of Mobile Services	112
8.2.1	Wide-Area Radio-Paging	112
8.2.2	Display Paging	112
8.2.3	Cordless Telephone (CT1)	113
8.2.4	Cordless Telephone (CT2)	113
8.2.5	Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT)	113
8.2.6	Telepoint	114
8.2.7	Private Mobile Radio (PMR)	114
8.2.8	Basic (Noncellular) Car-Phone System	114
8.2.9	Analog Cellular	114
8.2.10	Digital Cellular	115
8.3	A General Discussion	115
8.4	Basic Propagation	117
8.4.1	VHF Propagation	117
8.4.2	UHF Propagation	119
8.4.3	EHF Propagation	120
8.5	Antenna Effects	120
8.5.1	Antenna Height	120
8.5.2	Antenna Beam Shaping	121
8.6	Radio Noise	121
8.7	Summary	121
	References	122
Chapter 9	Prediction Methods, Models, and Measurements for Mobile Systems in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Locations	123
9.1	Introduction	123
9.2	Path-Loss Predictions at VHF and UHF	124
9.2.1	Rural Areas	124
9.2.2	Urban and Suburban Areas	127
9.3	Path-Loss Predictions at the Lower Microwave Frequencies	127
9.3.1	Rural Areas	127
9.3.2	Urban and Suburban Areas	128
9.3.3	Limits of Application	132
9.4	Practical Measurements of Path Loss	134
9.5	Delay Measurements	135
9.5.1	Practical Measurement Techniques	135
9.5.2	Results Presentation	138
9.6	Summary	140
	References	141
Chapter 10	Propagation Aspects of Cellular Radio Systems	143
10.1	Introduction	143
10.2	The Evolution of Cellular Radio Systems	144
10.3	A Basic Description of Analog Cellular Radio	145
10.3.1	Cell and Cluster Sizes	145
10.3.2	Logging On	146
10.3.3	Handover	146
10.3.4	Further Aspects	147
10.4	Digital Cellular Systems	147
10.4.1	Digital System Objectives	147
10.4.2	Digital Speech	148
10.4.3	Data Transmission	149
10.4.4	Equalization	149
10.4.5	Power Control	149
10.4.6	Discontinuous Transmission	150
10.4.7	Handover	150
10.4.8	Carrier-to-Interference Ratio	150
10.5	System Capacity Engineering	150
10.6	Cost 231 Definitions of Cell Types	152
10.7	Miscellaneous Topics	153
10.7.1	Modeling of the Transmission Path	153
10.7.2	Doppler Shift	154
10.7.3	Fading Rates	154
10.7.4	Diffraction Effects Over and Around Buildings	154
10.7.5	Diversity Improvement	155
10.7.6	Multipath Delay	156
10.8	Summary	156
	References	158
Chapter 11	Communication Into and Within Buildings	159
11.1	Introduction	159
11.2	Background	160
11.3	Building Penetration Loss	161
11.3.1	Measurements	161
11.3.2	Height Gain	162
11.3.3	Measurement Techniques	163
11.4	Inbuilding Losses	163
11.4.1	Measurements	163
11.4.2	Path-Loss Models	163
11.4.3	Measurement Results	165
11.5	Comments on Available Models	166
11.6	Anomalous Experimental Results	167
11.6.1	Penetration Loss Versus Frequency	167
11.6.2	Height-Gain Factor	168
11.6.3	Wall and Window Penetration Loss	169
11.7	Summary	170
	References	171
Chapter 12	Propagation in Fixed and Mobile Systems--A Comparison	173
12.1	Introduction	173
12.2	Path Loss	174
12.2.1	Fixed Links	174
12.2.2	Mobile Systems	174
12.3	Multipath and Mean-Depression Fading	175
12.3.1	Fixed Links	175
12.3.2	Mobile Systems	176
12.4	Multipath Delays	177
12.4.1	Fixed Links	177
12.4.2	Mobile Systems	177
12.5	Diversity	177
12.5.1	Fixed Links	177
12.5.2	Mobile Systems	178
12.6	Frequency Reuse	178
12.6.1	Fixed Links	178
12.6.2	Mobile Systems	179
12.7	Summary	179
	About the Author	183
	Index	185

Editorial Reviews

Overviews and explains propagation effects in fixed-link (microwave line-of-sight) and mobile radio systems, with separate sections on the two systems. Part I deals with radio refractive index, fading, frequency and space diversity, rain attenuation and molecular absorption, system outage modeling, and system planning. Part II covers the different types of mobile services, prediction methods, cellular radio systems, and communication into and within buildings. A final chapter compares fixed and mobile systems. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

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