Narrative and the Politics of Identity: The Cultural Psychology of Israeli and Palestinian Youth

by Phillip L. Hammack

Overview

Since the late nineteenth century, Jews and Arabs have been locked in an intractable battle for national recognition in a land of tremendous historical and geopolitical significance. While historians and political scientists have long analyzed the dynamics of this bitter conflict, rarely has an archeology of the mind of those who reside within the matrix of conflict been attempted. This book not only offers a psychological analysis of the consequences of conflict for the psyche, it develops an innovative, compelling, and cross-disciplinary argument about the mutual constitution of culture and mind through the process of life-story construction. But the book pushes boundaries further through an analysis of two peace education programs designed to fundamentally alter the nature of young Israeli and Palestinian life stories. Hammack argues that these popular interventions, rooted in the idea of prejudice reduction through contact and the cultivation of 'cosmopolitan' identities, are fundamentally flawed due to their refusal to deal with the actual political reality of young Israeli and Palestinian lives and their attempt to construct an alternative narrative of great hope but little resonance for Israelis and Palestinians. Grounded in over a century of literature that spans the social sciences, Hammack's analysis of young Israeli and Palestinian lives captures the complex, dynamic relationship among politics, history, and identity and offers a provocative and audacious proposal for psychology and peace education.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780190453176
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	12/28/2010
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	3 MB

About the Author

Philip L. Hammack, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz

Table of Contents

CONTENTS Preface PART 1. Orientations A Note on Geographic Terminology Prologue Chapter 1. Culture, Identity, and Story: A Framework for the Study of Lives I. Preliminary Provocations II. Capturing Culture III. Interrogating Identity IV. The Cultural Psychology of Identity V. Experimenting with Identity VI. The Cosmopolitan Ideal VII. Identity as Burden or Benefit? VIII. Politicizing Psychology, Psychologizing Politics IX. An Orientation Chapter 2. A "Stranger" in the Holy Land I. A Position II. A Personal Narrative III. Approaching the Study of Lives IV. The Politics of the Field V. Field Sites in Israel and Palestine Jerusalem Ramallah Qadas Beit Jala and Bethlehem Tulkarm and Nablus Tel Aviv Taybeh Haifa The Gilboa VI. Field Sites in the United States Seeds of Peace Hands of Peace VII. The Interviewees VIII. The Interview Procedure IX. Analytic Strategy PART 2. Stories Chapter 3. "Jewish in My Blood": Stories of Jewish Israeli Youth I. The Master Narrative of Jewish Israeli Identity An Introduction Contestations Theme 1: Persecution and Victimization Theme 2: Existential Insecurity Theme 3: Exceptionalism Theme 4: Delegitimization of Palestinian Identity Summary II. The Stories of Youth Yossi: The Ambivalent Pragmatist Noa: The Kibbutznik Roai: The Settler Ayelet: The Cosmopolitan III. Summary: The Cultural Psychology of Jewish Israeli Youth Chapter 4. "It's Not a Normal Life We Lead": Stories of Palestinian Youth I. The Master Narrative of Palestinian Identity An Introduction Contestations Theme 1: Loss and Dispossession Theme 2: Resistance Theme 3: Existential Insecurity Theme 4: Delegitimization of Israeli Identity Summary II. The Stories of Youth Ali: The Unlikely Islamist Adara: The Pious Villager Luca: The Christian Fighter Lubna: The Survivor III. Summary: The Cultural Psychology of Palestinian Youth Chapter 5. "I Had a War with Myself": Palestinian-Israeli Youth and the Narration of Hyphenated Identities I. The Master Narrative of Palestinian-Israeli Identity Theme 1: Discrimination and Subordination Theme 2: Hyphenation and “Double Marginality” Theme 3: Existential Insecurity Summary: The Palestinian-Israeli Master Narrative II. The Stories of Youth "I am Israeli First": The Story of Jibril "I Had a War with Myself": The Story of Rania "I am Divided between the Two": The Story of Sami III. Summary: The Cultural Psychology of Palestinian-Israeli Youth PART 3. Interventions Chapter 6. Peace and the Politics of Contact: A Brief History I. Contact: The Allure and the Challenge II. The Pathology of Prejudice III. The Normative Psychology of Prejudice IV. From Personality to Identity V. Identity and the Cultural Psychology of Contact VI. The Idea of Israeli-Palestinian Contact VII. Contact, Narrative, and Identity Chapter 7. Re-Storying Self and Other: An American Experiment I. The Synagogue and the Mosque II. Identity Transcendence "I Had Never Even Spoken to an Arab": The Story of Liat "I Have Been Changed a Lot": The Story of Laila "Maybe They are the Victim, the Real Victim": The Story of Noa Summary: The Problem of Transcendence III. Identity Accentuation The Fatalist: The Story of Mohammed The Settler: Revisiting the Story of Roai The New Palestinian: Revisiting the Story of Jibril IV. From Transcendence to Accentuation: An Analysis of Two Narratives over Time The Cosmopolitan: Revisiting the Story of Ayelet The Realist: Revisiting the Story of Laila V. Conclusion: Contact and Identity PART 4. Possibilities Chapter 8. Peace, Justice, and the Politics of Identity: Toward a New Praxis I. A Virtual Dialogue II. Ambitious Arguments III. Narrative and the Psychological Infrastructure of Conflict IV. Against Cosmopolitanism American Intervention as a “Civilizing” Project The Problem of Power and Social Structure The Meaning of Contact V. What's Wrong with Identity? VI. Psychology and the Politics of a New Praxis: From Interpretation to Social Change Undisciplining the Discipline Politicizing Peace Psychology Peril and Promise in Israeli and Palestinian Lives References

Editorial Reviews

"With his energy, eloquence, and insight, Phillip Hammack is one of the most promising young scholars in the study of human development. It takes great courage and integrity to enter two of the most oppositional cultural milieus in the world and manage to maintain the confidence of both sides. This book is an unparalleled, invaluable account of the identities, motivations, struggles, and pain of Israeli and Palestinian youth." — Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, Research Professor, Department of Psychology, Clark University, and author of Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties

"Hammack's book is a risky undertaking that has been masterfully executed. The book carefully crosses disciplinary borders, helping us widen our understanding of social phenomena at the individual and group levels, and pays special attention to the intricate connections between individual psychology and social structure as these are mediated through action. Hammack is clear about his commitment to get involved as a scientist in bettering the world and refuses to fall into our traditional illusory vision of science and politics as mutually exclusive." — Zvi Bekerman, School of Education, Melton Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem

"This book marks the emergence of a brilliant new voice in cultural psychology. Phillip Hammack tells the stories of Palestinian and Israeli youth and shows how the master narratives that comprise their respective cultures shape personal identity and give meaning to individual lives, even as they perpetuate a deadly conflict of global significance. As a social scientist, Hammack offers an intellectual tour de force, filled with surprising theoretical insights and interpretations. And as a storyteller, he engages us on a profoundly emotional level." — Dan P. McAdams, Chair, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, and author of The Redemptive Self: Stories Americans Live By

"This is a compelling, beautifully written, and nuanced study of Israeli, Arab-Israeli, and Palestinian youth. Hammack's study poses important policy questions and makes a major contribution to the study of adolescent psychological development, the politics of identity, and theories of narrative." — Bertram J. Cohler, William Rainey Harper Professor, University of Chicago

"Dr. Hammack paints an engaging canvas of how 'cultures' are contested from within, using narratives of Israeli and Palestinian youth inhabiting a place of vast social and political complexity. This volume represents supreme scholarship; it is ambitious, historically informed, impeccably researched, and profound in its implications." — Per F. Gjerde, Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz

"This brilliant book by an erudite psychologist is about the impact of group conflict on personal identity formation. This book forces us to recognize that well-intended person-to-person encounters between Israeli and Palestinian adolescents are not likely to produce love and understanding." — Richard A. Shweder, William Claude Reavis Distinguished Service Professor of Human Development, University of Chicago

"Phillip Hammack is also interested in social identity but he is equally concerned with personal identity, the sort of identity postulated by Erik Erikson in the mid-20th century as a developmental outcome of adolescence. Personal, or ego, identity has been studied ever since in the form of various neo-Eriksonian theories and research programs within the field of developmental psychology (Moshman, 2007, 2011a). Identities are both individual and social, in Hammack's view, thus connecting levels of explanation. The concept of identity bridges the individualistic explanations of psychology and the social and cultural explanations of the social sciences." — Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology

"This is a compelling and important book, of interest to a large number of researchers in psychology, politics, sociology, and anthropology, as well as practitioners involved in peace education. Hammack defines himself a "scholar-practitioner." The book illustrates what he means. As a scholar, he sheds light on the complex relation between the personal and the structural and makes a passionate call for contextualized, evidence-based theory development." — Theory & Psychology

From the Publisher