Table of Contents
Publisher's Acknowledgments vii
About the Authors ix
Introduction 1
1 Working with Diverse Students 5
Wisdom of Practice: The Technicolor World of Truman Armstrong 6
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 6
Changing Student Diversity 6
Language 7
Race 7
The Impact of Diverse Populations in Special Education Programming 7
Disproportionate Representation 8
Teacher Attitude 8
Teacher Preparation 8
Professional Practice 9
Special Education Teacher Competencies When Working With ELL Students 9
Effective Strategies and Student Achievement for Diverse Learners 10
Discovering the Cultural Context of Disabilities 13
Myths Associated With Teaching Diverse Students with Disabilities 16
Analyzing Personal Skills and Competencies 18
Legal Considerations for ELLs 19
Effective Strategies: What Works? Answers to the Activity 20
Summary 21
Self-Assessment and Reflection 21
2 Organizing a Classroom for Instruction 23
Wisdom of Practice: Ms. Delacatto-See How She Runs! 24
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 24
Professional Practice 25
Organizing a Classroom 25
Organizing Instructional Materials 28
Organizing Important Information 31
Organizing Schedules for Yourself and Others 36
Using Time Effectively 39
Staying Organized and Managing Stress 40
Summary 42
Self-Assessment and Reflection 42
3 Managing Student Behavior 43
Wisdom of Practice: Mr. Downing-The Principal is Watching! 44
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 44
Professional Practice 45
Doing the Right Thing: Professional Ethics 45
Schoolwide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports 46
Level 1 Preventing Student Misbehaviors 47
Level 2 Intervening When Misbehavior Occurs 50
Level 3 Maintaining Appropriate Behaviors 59
Summary 61
Self-Assessment and Reflection 62
4 Designing Effective Instruction 63
Wisdom of Practice: Mr. Rodriquez Makes a Plan 64
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 64
Professional Practice 68
The Lesson Plan-An Overview 68
The Lesson Plan-Part 1 Basic Information 69
The Lesson Plan-Part 2 Student Learning 69
The Lesson Plan-Part 3 Student Diversity 73
The Lesson Plan-Part 4 Instructional Sequence 77
The Lesson Plan-Part 5 Instructional Materials 78
The Lesson Plan-Part 6 Lesson Assessment and Evaluation 81
Summary 83
Self-Assessment and Reflection 83
5 Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities 85
Wisdom of Practice: Ms. Webster Gets Active! 86
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 86
Professional Practice 87
Active Student Learning Activities 87
Active Student Learning Obstacles 87
Active Student Learning 88
Getting Started 96
Strategy and Activity Selection 97
Summary 97
Self-Assessment and Reflection 98
6 Graphic Organizers 99
Wisdom of Practice: Picture the Students! 100
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 100
Professional Practice 102
Graphic Organizers 102
Graphic Organizer Formats and Uses 106
Teacher-Generated Graphic Organizers 110
Construction of Graphic Organizers 111
Student-Created Graphic Organizers 112
Graphic Organizers: A Sample Activity 113
Graphic Organizers and Classroom Management 114
Summary 114
Self-Assessment and Reflection 115
7 Incorporating Technology 117
Wisdom of Practice: Emmalee Jones-Digital Immigrant or Native? 118
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 118
No Child Left Behind 119
Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act 119
Technology Standards 120
Professional Practice 120
Incorporating Technology: Practical and Painless Suggestions 120
Assistive Technology to Support Students 124
Incorporating Universal Design for Learning 126
Using Technology to Motivate Learners 131
Summary 135
Self-Assessment and Reflection 135
8 Student Assessment and Evaluation 137
Wisdom of Practice: Ms. Thomson-What's in a Number? 138
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 138
Professional Practice 139
Formal and Informal Assessment 139
Elements of Effective Assessment 139
What to Assess? 141
Alternative, Authentic, and Performance Assessment 141
Diagnostic, Formative, and Summative Assessment 142
Developing Effective Rubrics 143
Weighting Assignments and Projects 146
Preparing and Implementing Effective Assessments 148
Test-Taking Tips and Strategies 153
Grading Students on IEPs 155
Distinguish Between Testing Accommodations and Modifications 155
Summary 158
Self-Assessment and Reflection 158
9 Promoting Achievement through Collaboration 159
Wisdom of Practice: Mrs. Stanton's Best-Laid Plans 160
In Brief: What Does the Research Say? 160
Defining Collaboration 161
Collaboration: Legislative Foundations 161
Professional Practice 161
Attributes of Successful Collaborators 162
The Special Educator's Role and Responsibility in Collaborative Teams 164
Identify and Use Collaborative Practices 165
Collaborating With the General Education Teacher 166
Collaborative Instructional Process 167
Negotiating Instructional Preferences 168
Collaborating With Others 169
Enhancing Collaboration-Friendly Reminders 172
Summary 177
Self-Assessment and Reflection 177
Conclusion: Wrapping Up, Reflecting, and Celebrating! 179
References 181
Index 185
