Practical Guidance for Defining a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy: The Case of Distribution

by Marcelino Madrigal, Robert Uluski

Overview

Practical Guidance for Defining a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy: The Case of Distribution guides stakeholders on how utilities can define their own smart grid vision, identify priorities, and structure investment plans. While most of these strategic aspects apply to any area of the electricity grid, the book focuses on distribution. The guidance includes key building blocks for modernizing the distribution grid and provides examples of grid modernization projects.The concept of the smart grid is relevant to all grids. What varies are the magnitude and type of the incremental steps toward modernization for achieving a specific smart grid vision. A utility that is at a relatively low level of grid modernization may leapfrog one or more levels of modernization to achieve some of the benefits of the highest levels of grid modernization.Smart grids impact electric distribution systems significantly. In developing countries, modernizing the distribution grid promises to benefit the operation of electric distribution utilities in many and various ways. These benefits include improved operational efficiency (such as reduced losses and lower energy consumption), reduced peak demand, improved service reliability, and ability to accommodate distributed generating resources without adversely impacting overall power quality.Practical Guidance for Defining a Smart Grid Modernization Strategy concludes by describing funding and regulatory issues that may need to be taken into account when developing smart grid plans.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781464804113
Publisher:	World Bank Publications
Publication date:	02/04/2015
Series:	World Bank Studies
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	148
File size:	14 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ix

About the Authors xi

Executive Summary xiii

Abbreviations xvii

Chapter 1 The Concept, Role, and Priorities of Smart Grids 1

Introduction: Smart Grids and Their Function 1

High-Level Description of a Smart Grid 3

Examples of Electric Utilities' Smart Grid Road Maps 5

The Importance of Defining Priorities: Elements of a Road Map 10

Note 14

Chapter 2 The Evolution of Electric Distribution Systems 15

The Smart Grid in the Distribution Segment 15

The Traditional Distribution System and the System of the Future 16

Before the 1980s 17

The 1980s and Early 1990s 19

The Mid- to Late 1990s and Early 2000s 20

The Mid-2000s to the Present (the "Smart Grid Era") 22

Chapter 3 Technology Innovations in Distribution Grids 25

Distribution System Monitoring and Control 25

Distribution Management Systems 26

Distribution Protection Systems 28

Volt/VAr Optimization 29

Intelligent Line Switching 32

Outage Management Systems 33

Management of Distributed Energy Resources 33

Demand Response 36

Date Analytics for Managing "Big Data" 36

Chapter 4 Defining a Distribution-Level Grid Modernization Strategy and Investment Plan 39

Getting Started 39

Grid Modernization Levels 41

Grid Modernization Risks 61

Summary of Grid Modernization Projects 65

Defining a Smart Grid Investment Plan 74

Modernizing the Grid: Gradual Transitions versus Leapfrogging 80

Chapter 5 Regulatory and Financing Issues 85

Cost Recovery and Funding 85

Smart Grid Standards and Interoperability 87

Note 89

Chapter 6 Planning Practices to Further Benefit from Grid Modernization 91

DER Analysis (Steady-State and Dynamic Studies) 92

Advanced Distribution Automation and Reclosing 92

Sequential Simulation and Batch Processes 93

Advanced Distribution Reliability Modeling and Analysis 93

Interfacing with Utility Information Systems 93

Advanced Load Forecasting 94

PEV Modeling and Analysis 94

Joint Modeling of transmission and Distribution Systems 95

Power Quality Modeling and Analysis 95

Advanced System Component Modeling 95

Appendix A More on Road Map Methodology Approaches 97

Sandia National Laboratory 97

Electric Power Research Institure 98

International Energy Agency 99

Appendix B Additional Examples of Road Maps from Electric Utilities 101

California Utilities: Pacific Gas and Electric 101

California Utility: San Diego Gas and Elecric 103

U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology 103

Canada?Toronto Hydro-Electric System Ltd 104

China 105

Thailand: Provisional Electricity Authority 107

Ireland 108

France 109

Note 110

Appendix C Some Guidelines on the Cost-Benefit Analysis of Smart Grid Applications 111

Glossary 113

Bibliography 119

Box

1.1 Key Definitions 10

Figures

1.1 The Role of Smart Grids in the Overall Electricity Sector 3

1.2 Visualization of the Smart Grid by Pacific Gas and Electric 4

1.3 Smart Grid Drivers for More Developed and Developing Power Systems 6

1.4 The Strategic Framework of China's Smart Grid 7

1.5 Toronto Hydro-Electric System Ltd.: A Smart Grid Road Map 8

1.6 Columbia's Electricity Sector: A Road Map 9

1.7 Five Basic Steps in Defining Priorities of a Road Map 11

1.8 Smart Grid Vision and Pillars 13

2.1 Traditional Distribution System 16

2.2 Distribution System of the Future 17

2.3 Electromechanical Protective Relays and Meters 19

2.4 Substation SCADA System 20

2.5 Simple Loop Control System 21

2.6 SCADA "Rule-Based" Volt/VAr Control System 21

2.7 Advanced Model-Driven VVO System 23

2.8 High-Level DMS Configuration Block Diagram 24

3.1 Vision for Data Monitoring and Control 26

3.2 Conceptual DMS Architecture 27

3.3a Traditional Paper-Driven Control Center and Operator Console Design 27

3.3b Modern Computer-Based Control Center and Operator Console Design 27

3.4 Protection Relay and Controller Technologies 28

3.5 Reducing Technical Losses with Switched Capacitor Banks 30

3.6 Reducing the Voltage to Improve Efficiency 30

3.7 Energy Conservation and Peak Shaving Using Voltage Reduction 31

3.8 Automatic Service Restroration(FLISR) 32

3.9 Dynamic Voltage Fluctuations Caused by Solar PV 34

3.10 Voltage Fluctuations Associated with Solar PV 35

3.11 Volt/VAr Characteristic of a Smart Inverter 35

3.12 Demand Response Management System 37

4.1 The Basic Building Blocks of Grid Modernization 40

4.2 Level 0 Grid Modernization 43