Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems

by Don Torrieri

Overview

Originally adopted in military networks as a means of ensuring secure communication when confronted with the threats of jamming and interception, spread-spectrum systems are now the core of commercial applications such as mobile cellular and satellite communication.

This book provides a concise but lucid explanation and derivation of the fundamentals of spread-spectrum communication systems. The level of presentation is suitable for graduate students with a prior graduate-level course in digital communication and for practicing engineers with a solid background in the theory of digital communication. As the title indicates, the author focuses on principles rather than specific current or planned systems. Although the exposition emphasizes theoretical principles, the choice of specific topics is tempered by their practical significance and interest to both researchers and system designers. Throughout the book, learning is facilitated by many new or streamlined derivations of the classical theory. Problems at the end of each chapter are intended to assist readers in consolidating their knowledge and to provide practice in analytical techniques. Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems is largely self-contained mathematically because of the four appendices, which give detailed derivations of mathematical results used in the main text.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9783319140964
Publisher:	Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
Publication date:	04/23/2015
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	18 MB
Note:	This product may take a few minutes to download.

About the Author

Don J. Torrieri is an author, Electrical Engineer, and Mathematician. His primary research interests are communication systems, adaptive arrays, and signal processing. He is a Fellow of the US Army Research Laboratory, where he was employed for most of his career. He has authored many articles and several books including "Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems, 4th edition" (Springer, 2018). He has taught many graduate courses at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland and many short courses. Don Torrieri received the B.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, the MS. degree from the Polytechnic Institute of New York University, Farmingdale, and the Ph.D. degree in electrophysics from the University of Maryland, College Park. His most important and most cited paper is "Statistical Theory of Passive Location Systems," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. According to Google Scholar, this paper has been cited more than 1,650 times as of 2020. His most important and most cited book is "Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems”, 4th edition. According to Google Scholar, this book has been cited more than 460 times as of 2020.

Table of Contents

	Preface	xi
1	Channel Codes	1
1.1	Block Codes	1
	Error Probabilities for Hard-Decision Decoding	6
	Error Probabilities for Soft-Decision Decoding	12
	Code Metrics for Orthogonal Signals	18
	Metrics and Error Probabilities for MFSK Symbols	21
	Chernoff Bound	25
1.2	Convolutional Codes and Trellis Codes	27
	Trellis-Coded Modulation	37
1.3	Interleaving	39
1.4	Concatenated and Turbo Codes	40
	Classical Concatenated Codes	41
	Turbo Codes	42
1.5	Problems	52
1.6	References	53
2	Direct-Sequence Systems	55
2.1	Definitions and Concepts	55
2.2	Spreading Sequences and Waveforms	58
	Random Binary Sequence	58
	Shift-Register Sequences	60
	Periodic Autocorrelations	65
	Polynomials over the Binary Field	70
	Long Nonlinear Sequences	74
2.3	Systems with PSK Modulation	77
	Tone Interference at Carrier Frequency	80
	General Tone Interference	81
	Gaussian Interference	83
2.4	Quaternary Systems	86
2.5	Pulsed Interference	91
2.6	Despreading with Matched Filters	100
	Noncoherent Systems	106
	Multipath-Resistant Coherent System	109
2.7	Rejection of Narrowband Interference	113
	Time-Domain Adaptive Filtering	114
	Transform-Domain Processing	117
	Nonlinear Filtering	119
	Adaptive ACM filter	123
2.8	Problems	125
2.9	References	127
3	Frequency-Hopping Systems	129
3.1	Concepts and Characteristics	129
3.2	Modulations	134
	MFSK	131
	Soft-Decision Decoding	136
	Narrowband Jamming Signals	141
	Other Modulations	142
	Hybrid Systems	151
3.3	Codes for Partial-Band Interference	152
	Reed-Solomon Codes	154
	Trellis-Coded Modulation	161
	Turbo Codes	161
3.4	Frequency Synthesizers	166
	Direct Frequency Synthesizer	166
	Digital Frequency Synthesizer	167
	Indirect Frequency Synthesizers	170
3.5	Problems	176
3.6	References	177
4	Code Synchronization	181
4.1	Acquisition of Spreading Sequences	181
	Matched-Filter Acquisition	184
4.2	Serial-Search Acquisition	185
	Uniform Search with Uniform Distribution	190
	Consecutive-Count Double-Dwell System	191
	Single-Dwell and Matched-Filter Systems	192
	Up-Down Double-Dwell System	192
	Penalty Time	193
	Other Search Strategies	194
	Density Function of the Acquisition Time	197
	Alternative Analysis	197
4.3	Acquisition Correlator	201
4.4	Code Tracking	209
4.5	Frequency-Hopping Patterns	214
	Matched-Filter Acquisition	214
	Serial-Search Acquisition	221
	Tracking System	226
4.6	Problems	228
4.7	References	229
5	Fading of Wireless Communications	231
5.1	Path Loss, Shadowing, and Fading	231
5.2	Time-Selective Fading	233
	Fading Rate and Fade Duration	240
	Spatial Diversity and Fading	241
5.3	Frequency-Selective Fading	243
	Channel Impulse Response	245
5.4	Diversity for Fading Channels	247
	Optimal Array	247
	Maximal-Ratio Combining	251
	Bit Error Probabilities for Coherent Binary Modulations	253
	Equal-Gain Combining	261
	Selection Diversity	270
5.5	Rake Receiver	275
5.6	Error-Control Codes	281
	Diversity and Spread Spectrum	289
5.7	Problems	290
5.8	References	291
6	Code-Division Multiple Access	293
6.1	Spreading Sequences for DS/CDMA	294
	Orthogonal Sequences	295
	Sequences with Small Cross-Correlations	297
	Symbol Error Probability	301
	Complex-Valued Quaternary Sequences	302
6.2	Systems with Random Spreading Sequences	306
	Direct-Sequence Systems with PSK	306
	Quadriphase Direct-Sequence Systems	314
6.3	Wideband Direct-Sequence Systems	317
	Multicarrier Direct-Sequence System	318
	Single-Carrier Direct-Sequence System	321
	Multicarrier DS/CDMA System	324
6.4	Cellular Networks and Power Control	326
	Intercell Interference of Uplink	329
	Outage Analysis	333
	Local-Mean Power Control	336
	Bit-Error-Probability Analysis	340
	Impact of Doppler Spread on Power-Control Accuracy	343
	Downlink Power Control and Outage	347
6.5	Multiuser Detectors	349
	Optimum Detectors	350
	Decorrelating detector	352
	Minimum-Mean-Square-Error Detector	356
	Interference Cancellers	358
6.6	Frequency-Hopping Multiple Access	362
	Asynchronous FH/CDMA Networks	362
	Mobile Peer-to-Peer and Cellular Networks	366
	Peer-to-Peer Networks	368
	Cellular Networks	372
6.7	Problems	382
6.8	References	384
7	Detection of Spread-Spectrum Signals	387
7.1	Detection of Direct-Sequence Signals	387
	Ideal Detection	387
	Radiometer	390
7.2	Detection of Frequency-Hopping Signals	398
	Ideal Detection	398
	Wideband Radiometer	401
	Channelized Radiometer	401
7.3	Problems	407
7.4	References	408
Appendix A	Inequalities	409
A.1	Jensen's Inequality	409
A.2	Chebyshev's Inequality	410
Appendix B	Adaptive Filters	413
Appendix C	Signal Characteristics	417
C.1	Bandpass Signals	417
C.2	Stationary Stochastic Processes	419
	Power Spectral Densities of Communication Signals	423
C.3	Sampling Theorems	424
C.4	Direct-Conversion Receiver	426
Appendix D	Probability Distributions	431
D.1	Chi-Square Distribution	431
D.2	Central Chi-Square Distribution	433
D.3	Rice Distribution	434
D.4	Rayleigh Distribution	435
D.5	Exponentially Distributed Random Variables	436
	Index	439