R Graphics Cookbook: Practical Recipes for Visualizing Data

by Winston Chang

Overview

This O’Reilly cookbook provides more than 150 recipes to help scientists, engineers, programmers, and data analysts generate high-quality graphs quickly—without having to comb through all the details of R’s graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.

Most of the recipes in this second edition use the updated version of the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. You’ll also find expanded content about the visual design of graphics. If you have at least a basic understanding of the R language, you’re ready to get started with this easy-to-use reference.

• Use R’s default graphics for quick exploration of data
• Create a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots
• Summarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and more
• Provide annotations to help viewers interpret data
• Control the overall appearance of graphics
• Explore options for using colors in plots
• Create network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plots
• Get your data into shape using packages from the tidyverse

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781491978603
Publisher:	O'Reilly Media, Incorporated
Publication date:	11/22/2018
Pages:	441
Product dimensions:	6.90(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Winston Chang is a software engineer at RStudio, where he works on data visualization and software development tools for R. He has a Ph.D. in Psychology from Northwestern University, and created the Cookbook for R website, which contains recipes for common tasks in R.

Table of Contents

Preface; Recipes; Software and Platform Notes; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; Safari® Books Online; How to Contact Us; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1: R Basics; 1.1 Installing a Package; 1.2 Loading a Package; 1.3 Loading a Delimited Text Data File; 1.4 Loading Data from an Excel File; 1.5 Loading Data from an SPSS File; Chapter 2: Quickly Exploring Data; 2.1 Creating a Scatter Plot; 2.2 Creating a Line Graph; 2.3 Creating a Bar Graph; 2.4 Creating a Histogram; 2.5 Creating a Box Plot; 2.6 Plotting a Function Curve; Chapter 3: Bar Graphs; 3.1 Making a Basic Bar Graph; 3.2 Grouping Bars Together; 3.3 Making a Bar Graph of Counts; 3.4 Using Colors in a Bar Graph; 3.5 Coloring Negative and Positive Bars Differently; 3.6 Adjusting Bar Width and Spacing; 3.7 Making a Stacked Bar Graph; 3.8 Making a Proportional Stacked Bar Graph; 3.9 Adding Labels to a Bar Graph; 3.10 Making a Cleveland Dot Plot; Chapter 4: Line Graphs; 4.1 Making a Basic Line Graph; 4.2 Adding Points to a Line Graph; 4.3 Making a Line Graph with Multiple Lines; 4.4 Changing the Appearance of Lines; 4.5 Changing the Appearance of Points; 4.6 Making a Graph with a Shaded Area; 4.7 Making a Stacked Area Graph; 4.8 Making a Proportional Stacked Area Graph; 4.9 Adding a Confidence Region; Chapter 5: Scatter Plots; 5.1 Making a Basic Scatter Plot; 5.2 Grouping Data Points by a Variable Using Shape or Color; 5.3 Using Different Point Shapes; 5.4 Mapping a Continuous Variable to Color or Size; 5.5 Dealing with Overplotting; 5.6 Adding Fitted Regression Model Lines; 5.7 Adding Fitted Lines from an Existing Model; 5.8 Adding Fitted Lines from Multiple Existing Models; 5.9 Adding Annotations with Model Coefficients; 5.10 Adding Marginal Rugs to a Scatter Plot; 5.11 Labeling Points in a Scatter Plot; 5.12 Creating a Balloon Plot; 5.13 Making a Scatter Plot Matrix; Chapter 6: Summarized Data Distributions; 6.1 Making a Basic Histogram; 6.2 Making Multiple Histograms from Grouped Data; 6.3 Making a Density Curve; 6.4 Making Multiple Density Curves from Grouped Data; 6.5 Making a Frequency Polygon; 6.6 Making a Basic Box Plot; 6.7 Adding Notches to a Box Plot; 6.8 Adding Means to a Box Plot; 6.9 Making a Violin Plot; 6.10 Making a Dot Plot; 6.11 Making Multiple Dot Plots for Grouped Data; 6.12 Making a Density Plot of Two-Dimensional Data; Chapter 7: Annotations; 7.1 Adding Text Annotations; 7.2 Using Mathematical Expressions in Annotations; 7.3 Adding Lines; 7.4 Adding Line Segments and Arrows; 7.5 Adding a Shaded Rectangle; 7.6 Highlighting an Item; 7.7 Adding Error Bars; 7.8 Adding Annotations to Individual Facets; Chapter 8: Axes; 8.1 Swapping X- and Y-Axes; 8.2 Setting the Range of a Continuous Axis; 8.3 Reversing a Continuous Axis; 8.4 Changing the Order of Items on a Categorical Axis; 8.5 Setting the Scaling Ratio of the X- and Y-Axes; 8.6 Setting the Positions of Tick Marks; 8.7 Removing Tick Marks and Labels; 8.8 Changing the Text of Tick Labels; 8.9 Changing the Appearance of Tick Labels; 8.10 Changing the Text of Axis Labels; 8.11 Removing Axis Labels; 8.12 Changing the Appearance of Axis Labels; 8.13 Showing Lines Along the Axes; 8.14 Using a Logarithmic Axis; 8.15 Adding Ticks for a Logarithmic Axis; 8.16 Making a Circular Graph; 8.17 Using Dates on an Axis; 8.18 Using Relative Times on an Axis; Chapter 9: Controlling the Overall Appearance of Graphs; 9.1 Setting the Title of a Graph; 9.2 Changing the Appearance of Text; 9.3 Using Themes; 9.4 Changing the Appearance of Theme Elements; 9.5 Creating Your Own Themes; 9.6 Hiding Grid Lines; Chapter 10: Legends; 10.1 Removing the Legend; 10.2 Changing the Position of a Legend; 10.3 Changing the Order of Items in a Legend; 10.4 Reversing the Order of Items in a Legend; 10.5 Changing a Legend Title; 10.6 Changing the Appearance of a Legend Title; 10.7 Removing a Legend Title; 10.8 Changing the Labels in a Legend; 10.9 Changing the Appearance of Legend Labels; 10.10 Using Labels with Multiple Lines of Text; Chapter 11: Facets; 11.1 Splitting Data into Subplots with Facets; 11.2 Using Facets with Different Axes; 11.3 Changing the Text of Facet Labels; 11.4 Changing the Appearance of Facet Labels and Headers; Chapter 12: Using Colors in Plots; 12.1 Setting the Colors of Objects; 12.2 Mapping Variables to Colors; 12.3 Using a Different Palette for a Discrete Variable; 12.4 Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Discrete Variable; 12.5 Using a Colorblind-Friendly Palette; 12.6 Using a Manually Defined Palette for a Continuous Variable; 12.7 Coloring a Shaded Region Based on Value; Chapter 13: Miscellaneous Graphs; 13.1 Making a Correlation Matrix; 13.2 Plotting a Function; 13.3 Shading a Subregion Under a Function Curve; 13.4 Creating a Network Graph; 13.5 Using Text Labels in a Network Graph; 13.6 Creating a Heat Map; 13.7 Creating a Three-Dimensional Scatter Plot; 13.8 Adding a Prediction Surface to a Three-Dimensional Plot; 13.9 Saving a Three-Dimensional Plot; 13.10 Animating a Three-Dimensional Plot; 13.11 Creating a Dendrogram; 13.12 Creating a Vector Field; 13.13 Creating a QQ Plot; 13.14 Creating a Graph of an Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function; 13.15 Creating a Mosaic Plot; 13.16 Creating a Pie Chart; 13.17 Creating a Map; 13.18 Creating a Choropleth Map; 13.19 Making a Map with a Clean Background; 13.20 Creating a Map from a Shapefile; Chapter 14: Output for Presentation; 14.1 Outputting to PDF Vector Files; 14.2 Outputting to SVG Vector Files; 14.3 Outputting to WMF Vector Files; 14.4 Editing a Vector Output File; 14.5 Outputting to Bitmap (PNG/TIFF) Files; 14.6 Using Fonts in PDF Files; 14.7 Using Fonts in Windows Bitmap or Screen Output; Chapter 15: Getting Your Data into Shape; 15.1 Creating a Data Frame; 15.2 Getting Information About a Data Structure; 15.3 Adding a Column to a Data Frame; 15.4 Deleting a Column from a Data Frame; 15.5 Renaming Columns in a Data Frame; 15.6 Reordering Columns in a Data Frame; 15.7 Getting a Subset of a Data Frame; 15.8 Changing the Order of Factor Levels; 15.9 Changing the Order of Factor Levels Based on Data Values; 15.10 Changing the Names of Factor Levels; 15.11 Removing Unused Levels from a Factor; 15.12 Changing the Names of Items in a Character Vector; 15.13 Recoding a Categorical Variable to Another Categorical Variable; 15.14 Recoding a Continuous Variable to a Categorical Variable; 15.15 Transforming Variables; 15.16 Transforming Variables by Group; 15.17 Summarizing Data by Groups; 15.18 Summarizing Data with Standard Errors and Confidence Intervals; 15.19 Converting Data from Wide to Long; 15.20 Converting Data from Long to Wide; 15.21 Converting a Time Series Object to Times and Values; Introduction to ggplot2; Background; Colophon;