Sixties Sandstorm: The Fight over Establishment of a Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1961-1970

Sixties Sandstorm: The Fight over Establishment of a Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1961-1970

by Brian C. Kalt
Sixties Sandstorm: The Fight over Establishment of a Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1961-1970

Sixties Sandstorm: The Fight over Establishment of a Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 1961-1970

by Brian C. Kalt

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Overview

In 1961, Senator Philip Hart of Michigan introduced legislation to add Michigan's Sleeping Bear Dunes and 77,000 surrounding acres to America's National Park system. The 1,600 people who lived in the proposed park area feared not only that the federal government would confiscate their homes, but that a wave of tourists would ensue and destroy their beloved and fragile lands. In response, they organized citizen action groups and fought a nine-year battle against the legislation.
     Sixties Sandstorm is not a book about dunes as much as it is a book about people and their government. It chronicles the public meetings, bills, protests, and congressional interactions that led to the signing of the Sleeping Bear Sand Dunes Act in 1970. The Dunes park fight is a case study of the politics, the legislative process, citizen response to the expanded role of government in the 1960s, and the rise of the environmental movement in America during that decade. Since Hart's legislation was made law, millions of Americans have traveled to the Sleeping Bear Sand Dunes National Lakeshore. Few imagine what the area would look like today if not for the efforts of people like Senator Hart. On the other hand, few appreciate the sacrifice of the landowners who-not always willingly-gave up their property in this place where, as one resident put it, "stars are closer to the earth than anywhere else in the world."

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781628955033
Publisher: Michigan State University Press
Publication date: 11/01/2023
Sold by: Barnes & Noble
Format: eBook
Pages: 164
File size: 3 MB

About the Author

Brian C. Kalt is an a Associate Professor of Law at Michigan State University College of Law. He was recognized as one of the best legal writers of 2005 by The Green Bag, an entertaining journal of law, which recognizes scholarly creative thought and publishes exemplary legal writing. Kalt was previously an editor on the Yale Law Journal and also served as a law clerk for the Honorable Danny J. Boggs, U.S. Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit.

Table of Contents

Prefacevii
Introduction: First Impressionsix
Map 1The Sleeping Bear Dunes Areaxi
1The Bear Sleeps: Early Years1
Local History1
The Shoreline Program3
Early Legislation5
2Channels of Power: The Legislative Process, 1961-196411
Philip A. Hart and Selling the Bill11
The First Bill18
Map 2The First Hart Bill, S. 2153 (1961)19
New Bills26
Map 3The Griffin Bill, H.R. 2400 (1963)29
Map 4The Senate-passed Bill, S. 792 (1963) (includes scenic highway)34
3The Bear Awakens: Local Opposition, Citizen Action, and the Media37
Early Citizen Action38
The Dunes Park Debate and the Media41
Arguments of the Opposition45
Underlying Currents of the Opposition53
4The Green Tide: Changes in Environmentalism in the 1960s59
The National Park Service and Environmentalism60
Conservation, Preservation, and Economics in the Dunes63
The Environmental Movement68
5Resolution: The Legislative Process, 1965-197075
Stalemate, 1965-196875
Map 5The House Subcommittee-passed Bill, S. 936 (1966) (includes scenic highway)80
Resolution, 1969-197084
Conclusions93
Epilogue: The Sleeping Bear Dunes after 197097
AppendixLegislation103
Note on Sources107
Endnotes119
Index145
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