The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook
Reviewing the topic from antiquity to the present day, this book examines the debate over the use of animals in research in a fair and balanced way.

The debate over the use of nonhuman animals in experimental research has gone on for centuries, and it continues as vigorously today as it ever has. In fact, in the last decade, the controversy has intensified, making animal testing a topic at the highest level of debate of any socioscientific issue in the United States. This book presents all sides of the issue so that readers can come to their own conclusions as to the morality and validity of animal experimentation, and provides biographies of individuals and descriptions of organizations that have been involved in the debate over the centuries. Additionally, it documents the historical shift in thinking that made animal experimentation commonplace between the time of the ancient Greeks and the 19th century, to the mindset of some who argue for an end to the practice and alternative ways of conducting medical experimentation to benefit human health.

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The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook
Reviewing the topic from antiquity to the present day, this book examines the debate over the use of animals in research in a fair and balanced way.

The debate over the use of nonhuman animals in experimental research has gone on for centuries, and it continues as vigorously today as it ever has. In fact, in the last decade, the controversy has intensified, making animal testing a topic at the highest level of debate of any socioscientific issue in the United States. This book presents all sides of the issue so that readers can come to their own conclusions as to the morality and validity of animal experimentation, and provides biographies of individuals and descriptions of organizations that have been involved in the debate over the centuries. Additionally, it documents the historical shift in thinking that made animal experimentation commonplace between the time of the ancient Greeks and the 19th century, to the mindset of some who argue for an end to the practice and alternative ways of conducting medical experimentation to benefit human health.

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The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook

The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton
The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook

The Animal Experimentation Debate: A Reference Handbook

by David E. Newton

Hardcover

$65.00 
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Overview

Reviewing the topic from antiquity to the present day, this book examines the debate over the use of animals in research in a fair and balanced way.

The debate over the use of nonhuman animals in experimental research has gone on for centuries, and it continues as vigorously today as it ever has. In fact, in the last decade, the controversy has intensified, making animal testing a topic at the highest level of debate of any socioscientific issue in the United States. This book presents all sides of the issue so that readers can come to their own conclusions as to the morality and validity of animal experimentation, and provides biographies of individuals and descriptions of organizations that have been involved in the debate over the centuries. Additionally, it documents the historical shift in thinking that made animal experimentation commonplace between the time of the ancient Greeks and the 19th century, to the mindset of some who argue for an end to the practice and alternative ways of conducting medical experimentation to benefit human health.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781610693172
Publisher: Bloomsbury Academic
Publication date: 05/09/2013
Series: Contemporary World Issues
Pages: 322
Product dimensions: 6.00(w) x 9.10(h) x 1.10(d)
Age Range: 1 - 17 Years

About the Author

David E. Newton is the author of more than 400 textbooks, encyclopedias, workbooks, and other educational materials, primarily in the field of science and math.

Table of Contents

List of Tables xiii

Preface xv

1 Background and History 3

Vivisection in Ancient History 3

Dissection and Vivisection of Humans in Ancient Greece 4

Dissection and Vivisection of Animals 7

The (Temporary) End of Vivisection 9

Dissection in Non-Western Cultures 13

The Renewal of Dissection 17

Vivisection and the Rise of Modern Biology 21

The Birth of the Antivivisectionist Movement 26

Early Antivivisectionist Legislation 31

Rise of Antivivisectionist Organizations 34

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions 53

The Tide Turns: The Brown Dog Affair and the Decline of Antivivisectionism 54

The Antivivisection Movement in the United States Hits Bottom 61

Resurgence of the Antivivisection Movement 63

Animal Welfare Legislation 67

Issues of Violence and Morality 69

Animal Liberation 70

A Moral Code for Animals 73

The Impact of Animal Liberation 75

Industries Respond 84

Researchers Fight Back 89

The International Scene 93

Animal-Testing Statistics 95

Alternatives to Animal Testing 97

Progress in AATs 100

The Ongoing Debate over Animal Experimentation 105

Arguments in Opposition to Animal Experimentation 105

Arguments in Favor of Animal Experimentation 107

3 Perspectives 121

The Moral Dilemma of Animal Research Dario Ringach 122

What Has Animal Research Ever Done for Us? Tom Holder 126

The Importance of Biomedical Research Matt Schaff 130

Companion Animal and Human Patients Work Together Carol Frischmann 134

The Use of Animals in Behavioral Research Janette Fischer 137

Objections to the Use of Animals in Research Doris Lin 141

Why Do Animal Rights Activists Object to Using Animals in Experiments? 141

What Are the Animal Welfare Concerns about Animals in Research? 142

The Animal Welfare Act 143

Can We Make Medical Advances without Animal Research? 144

Tolerance Michael Budkie 144

Animals and Research: 150 Years of Medical Advance Bella Williams 149

Reasoning with Myself Vilay Khandelwal 153

4 Profiles 157

Introduction 157

American Anti-Vivisection Society 157

Americans for Medical Progress 160

Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care 163

Francis Balkwill (1952- ) 166

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 169

Henry Bergh (1813-1888) 171

British Union to Abolish Vivisection 174

Francis Power Cobbe (1822-1904) 177

In Defense of Animals 180

The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing 183

Martin, Richard (1754-1834) 186

National Anti-Vivisection Society (U.S.) 189

National Association for Biomedical Research 191

New England Anti-Vivisection Society 194

Ingrid Newkirk (1949-) 197

Sir William Paton (1917-1993) 200

Tom Regan (1938-) 202

Bernard Rollin (1943- ) 205

W. M. S. Russell (1925-2005) and Rex L. Burch (1926-1996) 208

Peter Singer (1946- ) 211

Ernest Starling (1866-1927) 215

Understanding Animal Research 217

5 Data and Documents 223

Data 223

Table 5.1 Animals Used in Research in the United States, 2010 223

Table 5.2 Scientific Procedures by Species of Animal and Primary Purpose of the Procedure 224

Table 5.3 Research Animal Cases Examined by APHIS, 2007-2009 224

Table 5.4 Number of Animals Used in Research, Historic Trends, 1973-2004 227

Documents 230

On Medicine (about 50 CE; 1756) 230

Thomas Aquinas on the Role of Animals (1265-1274) 231

A Father's Instructions (1789) 232

An Act to Amend the Law Relating to Cruelty to Animals (1876) 233

Statement Opposed to Animal Experimentation (1895) 235

Statement in Favor of Animal Experimentation (1914) 236

A Compromise on Vivisection (1914) 237

Cruelty to Animals Act (India) (1960) 239

Animal Welfare Act of 1966 242

Council Directive of 27 July 1976 on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Cosmetic Products (76/768/EEC) (1976) 248

Primate Protection League v. Tulane Educ. Fund (500 U.S. 72 [1991]) 249

NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43; 107 Stat. 122) 252

Use of Animals in Testing; State of California (2000) 254

Farm Security Act (2002) 255

New Jersey Exemption from Dissection Law (2006) 256

United States of America v. Darius Fullmer (et al.) (2009) 257

S. 810: Great Ape Protection and Cost Savings Act of 2011 260

6 Resources 263

Books 263

Articles 273

Reports 279

Internet Sources 283

7 Chronology 295

Glossary 307

Index 313

About the Author 321

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