The Arterial Circulation: Physical Principles and Clinical Applications / Edition 1

by John K-J Li

Overview

After yet another decade of leaming, experimenting, and inves­ tigating since my first book, Arterial System Dynamics, the many new medical breakthroughs and technological advances have inspired me to write this book to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical applications. The application of physical principles and quantitative approaches to the understanding of the arterial circulation and its interactions with the heart in normal and diseased conditions form the basis of The Arterial Circulation. Knowledge of the physiology and rheology of arteries, as well as all of their structural-functional corre­ lates, is a necessary prerequisite to the proper hemodynamic interpretatiqn of pressure-flow relations and the pulsatile transmis sion characteristics in different arteries. The natural coupling and interactions of the heart, the coronary circulation, and the arterial system necessitate analysis of alterations to global functioning. Modeling provides a tool for isolating and predicting parameter changes and is employed throughout the book. Experimental data are provided for model validations, and also for more realistic interpretations. Techniques and new methods for clinical hemo­ dynamic measurement and diagnosis are included to help the reader un­ derstand the physical principles underlying such abnormal cardiovascular functions as hypertension, stenosis, and myocardial ischemia. The progressive changes in vascular properties during aging are also discussed. Modem approaches utilizing computer mode ling and allomery are presented with selected examples, such as combined hypertension and aortic valve stenosis, and ventricular hypertrophy.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781617371066
Publisher:	Springer-Verlag New York, LLC
Publication date:	11/05/2010
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2000
Pages:	271
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.03(d)

About the Author

Li, John K-J., PhD (Rutgers Univ)

Table of Contents

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Historical View of Arterial Circulation.- 1.2 Recent Developments.- 1.3 Book Content.- References.- 2 Physiology and Rheology of Arteries.- 2.1 Anatomical and Structural Organization.- 2.2 Material Properties of the Arterial Wall: Elastin, Collagen, and Smooth Muscle Cells.- 2.3 Viscoelastic Properties of Blood Vessels.- References.- 3 Theories and Models of Arterial Circulation.- 3.1 Simple Windkessel Model of the Arterial System.- 3.2 Oscillatory Blood Flow in Arteries.- 3.3 Linear Theories of Blood Flow in Arteries.- 3.4 Analogy of Arterial Blood Flow to Transmission Line.- 3.5 Distributed and Reduced Arterial Tree Models.- 3.6 Nonlinear Aspects and Pressure-Dependent Arterial Compliance.- References.- 4 Arterial Pulse Transmission Characteristics.- 4.1 Pressure and Flow Waveforms in Large and Small Arteries.- 4.2 Vascular Impedance to Blood Flow.- 4.3 Pulse Propagation, Wave Velocity, and Damping.- 4.4 Pulse Wave Reflections and Reflection Sites.- 4.5 Pulse Transmission at Vascular Branching.- 4.6 Pulse Transmission to Vascular Beds.- References.- 5 Hemodynamic Measurements and Clinical Monitoring.- 5.1 Invasive Blood Pressure Measurements.- 5.2 Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurements.- 5.3 Blood Flow Measurements.- 5.4 Thermodilution Measurement of Cardiac Output.- 5.5 Vascular Ultrasound Dimension Measurement.- References.- 6 Arterial Circulation and the Heart.- 6.1 Coupling of Heart and Arterial System.- 6.2 Dynamic Heart-Arterial System Interactions and the Concept of Dynamic Arterial Compliance.- 6.3 Coronary Arterial Circulation.- 6.4 Hemodynamics and Modeling of Coronary Circulation.- 6.5 Myocardial Function and Arterial System Load.- References.- 7 New Approaches to Clinical Evaluations.- 7.1 Hypertension, Vascular Stiffness, and Arterial Compliance.- 7.2 Vascular Hemodynamics of Aging and Isolated Systolic Hypertension.- 7.3 Aortic Valve Stenosis and Arterial System Afterload on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.- 7.4 Allometry and Its Diagnostic Applications.- References.

Editorial Reviews

"Advances in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, however, have made the need for a more complete understanding of this topic. . .In seven chapters, the author presents a synthesis of the current knowledge of arterial circulation, particularly its physical aspects. . .The author has provided an excellent synthesis of the current understanding of the physical principles of arterial circulation. The strength of this book is clear organization that allows a reader to either read it in entirety or to identify a topic of specific interest. The integration of the experimental data, computer modeling, and clinical application of this knowledge is particularly valuable. Each topic is defined, introduced, and reviewed, as are the major works that have led to the current understanding of that topic. . .This volume is a solid and readable overview of the major physical principles of arterial circulation. . .The challenge for both clinicians and physiologists is to integrate both the molecular and cellular aspects with the physical principles of the arterial system. A solid background in both disciplines will allow for a more complete understanding of the arterial system in both health and disease. This work should provide a solid background and reference for those faced with this challenge."-Doody's Health Sciences Book Review Journal

From the Publisher

3 Stars from Doody

Li (biomedical engineering, Rutgers U.) applies physical principles and quantitative approaches to the understanding arterial circulation and its interactions with the heart in normal and diseased conditions. He discusses the physiology and rheology of arteries, as well as their structural-functional correlates as a prerequisite to the proper hemodynamic interpretation of pressure-flow relations and the pulsatile transmission characteristics in different arteries. He also includes techniques for clinical hemodynamic measurement and diagnosis in addition to approaches utilizing computer modelling and allomery. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Booknews

Reviewer: Lawrence D. Longo, MD (Loma Linda University)
Description: This book is a review of the physical principles of the arterial system and their application to the clinical setting. Primarily, it is a review of the literature of the structure and function of arteries in which the author presents theories and experimental methods relevant to clinical application. The overview of fundamental physical principles establishes hemodynamic methods to provide a basis for clinical measurement and interpretation of hemodynamics. The author deals with structural and functional aspects of the arterial system, theories and experiments on the transmission characteristics of pressure, and flow pulsations, energetics, and instrumentation.
Purpose: Advances in the understanding of the physical properties of arterial circulation have led to new medical treatments and diagnostic capabilities. The author has attempted to bridge the "gap between basic research and clinical application." He has provided the reader with an understanding of the major physical principles of arterial circulation, and integrated the broad range of tools that are employed in its study. As the preface states, "The overall treatment is based on physical principles, with physiological relevance and clinical applications in mind."
Audience: The author states that the book is written for "...students, physiologists, biomedical engineers, pharmacologists, cardiologists, and other clinicians with a common interest in overall cardiovascular function." This book should serve as a reference for physiologists and clinicians in need of a more complete view of the technical aspects of arterial biology. Indeed, most modern physiology texts contain only brief coverage of the physical principles of arterial circulation, with more attention focused on cellular and molecular aspects of circulation. Advances in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics, however, have made the need for a more complete understanding of this topic. Additionally, this book will be a valuable reference for the physiologist who is interested in exploring new advances in vascular signaling through the use of whole animal preparations. Both the design and interpretation of such experiments require a familiarity with, and in some cases a detailed understanding of, the physical properties of arterial circulation dealt with in this volume.
Features: In seven chapters, the author presents a synthesis of the current knowledge of arterial circulation, particularly its physical aspects. In the first chapter he presents an overview of the organization and provides a short history of the study of the arterial circulation. In the remainder of the book he describes the structural and functional aspects of arterial circulation and the theories and experiments that have been used to describe them. In Chapter 2 he deals with the anatomical aspects of the arterial tree and in Chapter 3 provides coverage of blood pressure and flow pulse wave transmission characteristics. He describes the particularities and features associated with pressure and flow waveforms measured in their respective anatomical sites in Chapter 4. A brief overview of the methods and techniques used to determine blood pressure, cardiac output, and blood flow in arteries are covered in Chapter 5, and in Chapter 6 he addresses arterial circulation and the heart with special emphasis on their coupling. Finally, in Chapter 7 he discusses the major evaluation and treatment strategies of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in reference to the biophysical/physiologic principles and methods described in previous chapters. For each chapter and subtopic, an introduction and brief definition of the idea are provided. This introduction is expanded by introducing the relevant work and theories that have led to the current understanding of the topic. Competing theories are compared and contrasted, and the evidence in favor of each theory is analyzed briefly.
Assessment: The author has provided an excellent synthesis of the current understanding of the physical principles of arterial circulation. The strength of this book is clear organization that allows a reader to either read it in entirety or to identify a topic of specific interest. The integration of the experimental data, computer modeling, and clinical application of this knowledge is particularly valuable. Each topic is defined, introduced, and reviewed, as are the major works that have led to the current understanding of that topic. Review of experimental work along with liberal use of figures and references provides a framework for understanding. Some may find the emphasis on mathematical and computer models intimidating. Indeed the author does not shrink from these tools and attempts to lead the reader through the equations relevant to each topic. While some topics may have been explained without the use of the equations in the text, their inclusion allows those interested to explore the topic in more detail. Those readers with a need for less technical coverage will find that in most cases these paragraphs may be read and understood without a detailed examination of the math. This volume is a solid and readable overview of the major physical principles of arterial circulation. As physiology courses place more emphasis on the molecular and biochemical regulation of circulation, the physical properties of arterial circulation do not receive as much attention. The challenge for both clinicians and physiologists is to integrate both the molecular and cellular aspects with the physical principles of the arterial system. A solid background in both disciplines will allow for a more complete understanding of the arterial system in both health and disease. This work should provide a solid background and reference for those faced with this challenge.

Doody's Review Service